In this paper we report on synthesis and sensing properties of novel thiophene derivatives representing typical push-pull molecules with D-π-A structure. As an electron-donating group we used benzothiophene and various positions of cyano and nitro groups as an acceptor moiety. All compounds exhibit profound solvatochromism with prominent emission varying from blue to red, which indicated high sensitivity to environment polarity. Moreover, even trace amounts of protic solvents (like water and alcohols) are able to significantly quench the luminescence, with the detection limit established to 59 ppm in THF. On the other hand, the dicyanovinyl group presented in one of the compounds made it an extremely sensitive colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for cyanide and hydroxide ions, shifting its emission towards shorter wavelengths. The detection limits for CN⁻ and OH⁻ were established as low as 0.0131 μM and 0.0025 μM, respectively, which is one of the lowest limit reported in literature. Highly-precise sensitivity to water, alcohols and dangerous ions put such thiophene derivatives as easy-to-use and fast detector in everyday life.

在本文中，我们报告了代表典型的具有D-π-A结构的推挽分子的新型噻吩衍生物的合成和传感性能。作为给电子基团，我们使用苯并噻吩和氰基和硝基的不同位置作为受体部分。所有化合物均表现出深刻的溶剂变色性，且显着的发射光谱从蓝色到红色不等，这表明对环境极性高度敏感。此外，即使痕量的质子溶剂（如水和醇）也能够显着淬灭发光，在THF中的检出限达到59 ppm。另一方面，其中一种化合物中存在的双氰基乙烯基使它成为氰化物和氢氧根离子的极其灵敏的比色和荧光传感器，将其发射移向较短的波长。^-和OH ^-建立低至分别0.0131μM和0.0025μM，，这是在文献中报道的最低限度之一。对水，酒精和危险离子的高度精确性使噻吩衍生物成为了日常生活中易于使用和快速检测的噻吩衍生物。