Cellulose nanomaterials, often called nanocellulose, have created a lot of buzz as a renewable building block for new materials such as nanocomposites, aerogels and hydrogels to be used in many different areas such as packaging, batteries, environmental applications, sensors and food supplements. In the biomedical field, cellulose-based nanomaterials have widely been employed in tissue engineering, diagnostics, drug delivery and wound healing. The area of drug delivery has already been reviewed earlier focusing on cellulose-based formulations including nanoparticles, tablets, hydrogels, and aerogels. In this review, we discuss the use of soluble cellulose nanomaterials that can be used for intravenous (i.v.) administration. Cellulose nanomaterials are attractive carriers for this field as they naturally have a non-spherical shape. This review summarizes the recent advancements in the use of individual cellulose nanomaterials that can be modified with therapeutic agents or targeting ligands as drug delivery systems. To achieve this aim, surface modification is a quintessential step to generate water-soluble individual cellulose nanoparticles to ensure high solubility in blood serum and good protein repellency. The main focus of this review is to provide a summary of surface modification techniques ranging from the covalent attachment of small molecules to the grafting of polymers. We then introduce techniques to immobilize drug molecules onto the surface of cellulose nanomaterials before concluding with a future outlook.

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表面改性的纤维素纳米材料：用于药物输送的非球形纳米颗粒的来源

纤维素纳米材料（通常称为纳米纤维素）作为可再生材料的基础材料引起了广泛的关注，这些新材料可用于包装，电池，环境应用，传感器和食品补充剂等许多不同领域的纳米复合材料，气凝胶和水凝胶。在生物医学领域，纤维素基纳米材料已广泛用于组织工程，诊断，药物输送和伤口愈合中。药物输送领域已经在较早的时候进行了综述，重点关注基于纤维素的制剂，包括纳米颗粒，片剂，水凝胶和气凝胶。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了可用于静脉内（iv）给药的可溶性纤维素纳米材料的使用。纤维素纳米材料对于该领域是有吸引力的载体，因为它们自然地具有非球形形状。这篇综述总结了使用可以被治疗剂或靶向配体修饰的单个纤维素纳米材料作为药物递送系统的最新进展。为了达到这个目的，表面修饰是生成水溶性单个纤维素纳米颗粒以确保其在血清中的高溶解度和良好的蛋白排斥性的典型步骤。这篇综述的主要重点是提供表面改性技术的概述，从小分子的共价连接到聚合物的接枝。然后，我们在总结未来前景之前，介绍了将药物分子固定在纤维素纳米材料表面的技术。