Remembering and imagining specific, personal experiences can help shape our decisions. For example, cues to imagine future events can reduce delay discounting (i.e., increase the subjective value of future rewards). It is not known, however, whether such cues can also modulate other forms of reward discounting, such as probability discounting (i.e., the decrease in the subjective value of a possible reward as the odds against its occurrence increase). In addition, it is unclear whether there are age-related differences in the effects of cueing on either delay or probability discounting. Accordingly, young and older adult participants were administered delay and probability discounting tasks both with and without cues to imagine specific, personally meaningful events. As expected, cued episodic imagining decreased the discounting of delayed rewards. Notably, however, this effect was significantly less pronounced in older adults. In contrast to the effects of cueing on delay discounting, personally relevant event cues had little or no effect on the discounting of probabilistic rewards in either young or older adults; Bayesian analysis revealed compelling support for the null hypothesis that event cues do not modulate the subjective value of probabilistic rewards. In sum, imagining future events appears only to affect decisions involving delayed rewards. Although the cueing effect is smaller in older adults, nevertheless, it likely contributes to how adults of all ages evaluate delayed rewards and thus, it is, in fact, about time.

中文翻译：

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是时间吗 年轻人和老年人的情景想象和延迟奖励和概率奖励的折扣。

记住和想象特定的个人经历可以帮助我们做出决定。例如，想象未来事件的线索可以减少延迟折扣（即，增加未来奖励的主观价值）。然而，未知的是，这些线索是否还可以调节其他形式的奖励折扣，例如概率折扣（即，随着其出现的可能性增加，可能的奖励的主观价值下降）。另外，不清楚提示对延迟或概率折现的影响是否存在与年龄相关的差异。因此，对年轻和老年人参与者进行延迟和概率折减任务，无论有无线索都可以想象具体的，对个人有意义的事件。不出所料，暗示的情景想象减少了延迟奖励的折扣。但是，值得注意的是，这种影响在老年人中明显不那么明显。与提示对延迟折扣的影响相反，个人相关事件提示对年轻人或老年人的概率奖励的折扣影响很小或没有影响。贝叶斯分析显示出令人信服的证据支持零假设，即事件线索不会调节概率性奖励的主观价值。总而言之，想象未来的事件似乎只会影响涉及延迟奖励的决策。尽管提示效果在老年人中较小，但是它可能有助于各个年龄段的成年人如何评估延迟的奖励，因此实际上是在时间上。与个人相关的事件提示对年轻人或老年人的概率奖励的折衷影响很小或没有影响；贝叶斯分析显示出令人信服的证据支持零假设，即事件线索不会调节概率性奖励的主观价值。总而言之，想象未来的事件似乎只会影响涉及延迟奖励的决策。尽管提示效果在老年人中较小，但是它可能有助于各个年龄段的成年人如何评估延迟的奖励，因此实际上是在时间上。与个人相关的事件提示对年轻人或老年人的概率奖励的折衷影响很小或没有影响；贝叶斯分析显示出令人信服的证据支持零假设，即事件线索不会调节概率性奖励的主观价值。总而言之，想象未来的事件似乎只会影响涉及延迟奖励的决策。尽管提示效果在老年人中较小，但是它可能有助于各个年龄段的成年人如何评估延迟的奖励，因此实际上是在时间上。想象未来的事件似乎只会影响涉及延迟奖励的决策。尽管提示效果在老年人中较小，但是它可能有助于各个年龄段的成年人如何评估延迟的奖励，因此实际上是在时间上。想象未来的事件似乎只会影响涉及延迟奖励的决策。尽管提示效果在老年人中较小，但是它可能有助于各个年龄段的成年人如何评估延迟的奖励，因此实际上是在时间上。