To model real-world software systems, modelling paradigms should support a form of compositionality. In interface theory and model-based testing with inputs and outputs, conjunctive operators have been introduced: the behaviour allowed by composed specification s1 $\wedge$ s2 is the behaviour allowed by both partial models s1 and s2. The models at hand are non-deterministic interface automata, but the interaction between non-determinism and conjunction is not yet well understood. On the other hand, in the theory of alternating automata, conjunction and non-determinism are core aspects. Alternating automata have not been considered in the context of inputs and outputs, making them less suitable for modelling software interfaces. In this paper, we combine the two modelling paradigms to define alternating interface automata (AIA). We equip these automata with an observational, trace-based semantics, and define testers, to establish correctness of black-box interfaces with respect to an AIA specification.

中文翻译：

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使用交替接口自动机组合部分规格

为了对现实世界的软件系统建模，建模范式应该支持一种组合形式。在接口理论和基于模型的输入和输出测试中，引入了联合运算符：组合规范 s1 $\wedge$ s2 允许的行为是部分模型 s1 和 s2 允许的行为。手头的模型是非确定性接口自动机，但非确定性和合取之间的相互作用还不是很清楚。另一方面，在交替自动机理论中，合取和非确定性是核心方面。在输入和输出的上下文中没有考虑交替自动机，这使得它们不太适合建模软件接口。在本文中，我们结合了两种建模范式来定义交替界面自动机（AIA）。