Plant biomass residues are renewable sources for the production of biofuels and high‐value macromolecules. Sugarcane bagasse is one such plant biomass residue that is available from the sugar‐processing industry. It is used as a raw material for biobased ethanol production. However, some of its properties and its behavior during processing have a major inhibitory effect on its successful conversion. Chief among these inhibitory properties are the lignin content, its distribution in plant tissues, and its chemical properties. These make the materials naturally resistant to bioconversion processes. Further, lignin and carbohydrate degradation products can be formed during acid pretreatment, which is one of the major steps during biomass conversion to bioethanol. These products negatively affect the liberation of fermentable sugars and the yield of ethanol during the fermentation stage of the conversion process. Other factors that also have an influence on the production of fermentable sugar are related to the different structural arrangement of plant tissues (cane fractions of the node, internode, and external fraction), as well as biomass variety. Biomass varieties with low lignin content result in an improved yield of fermentable sugars, which in turn contributes to improved viability of the second‐generation bioethanol production processes. By selecting sugarcane varieties with the best properties, ethanol production can be increased without increasing the total area under cultivation. Efforts have been dedicated to reducing biomass recalcitrance by classical and precision breeding. Genetic modification of sugarcane alters the genes responsible for the encoding enzymes for lignin biosynthesis, generating sugarcane with low recalcitrance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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木质素对甘蔗生物量转化的影响

植物生物质残留物是用于生产生物燃料和高价值大分子的可再生资源。甘蔗渣是一种这样的植物生物质残留物，可从制糖业获得。它用作生物基乙醇生产的原料。但是，其某些性质及其在加工过程中的行为对其成功转化具有重要的抑制作用。这些抑制性质中的主要是木质素含量，其在植物组织中的分布及其化学性质。这些使材料自然抵抗生物转化过程。此外，木质素和碳水化合物降解产物可在酸预处理过程中形成，这是生物质转化为生物乙醇的主要步骤之一。这些产物在转化过程的发酵阶段对可发酵糖的释放和乙醇的产量产生负面影响。其他也影响可发酵糖生产的因素与植物组织的不同结构安排（节的甘蔗级分，节间和外部的级分）以及生物量的变化有关。木质素含量低的生物质变种可以提高可发酵糖的产量，从而有助于提高第二代生物乙醇生产工艺的生存能力。通过选择性能最佳的甘蔗品种，可以增加乙醇的产量，而无需增加耕种的总面积。致力于通过经典育种和精确育种来降低生物量的顽固性。甘蔗的遗传修饰改变了负责木质素生物合成的编码酶的基因，从而产生了具有低抗性的甘蔗。©2019年化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd