In this paper, novel models for electronically coupled distributed energy resources (ECDERs) for online fault calculations of large-scale systems are proposed. ECDERs have different fault responses than traditional synchronous and induction (AC) machines, and generally accepted models for these emerging DERs do not exist. The deployment of ECDERs is constantly increasing worldwide and there is an urgent need for developing appropriate models for fault calculations. In order to have fast calculations, applicable to large-scale systems, the dynamic behavior of traditional AC machines have been approximated in three steady state time-periods (sub-transient, transient, and steady-state). Accordingly, the online fault calculations of large-scale systems have been conducted for these three periods. To simulate the ECDERs’ dynamic behavior, and develop models that are compliant with traditional fault calculations, fault models of ECDERs in the sub-transient, transient, and steady-state periods are proposed, with a short peak current period included in the proposed models during the sub-transient period. To validate the proposed models, they are integrated into recently developed online fault calculations, and tested on various large-scale systems. Results from computer simulations are compared with results obtained using state-of-the-art laboratory equipment, as well as with relevant reports on fault current contributions of ECDERs. The results match very well, further validating the proposed models.

中文翻译：

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电子耦合分布式能源的新型故障模型及其实验室验证

在本文中，提出了用于大规模系统在线故障计算的电子耦合分布式能源 (ECDER) 的新模型。ECDER 具有与传统同步和感应 (AC) 机器不同的故障响应，并且这些新兴的 DER 不存在普遍接受的模型。ECDER 的部署在全球范围内不断增加，迫切需要开发适当的故障计算模型。为了快速计算，适用于大规模系统，传统交流电机的动态行为在三个稳态时间段（亚瞬态、瞬态和稳态）中进行了近似。相应地，对这三个时期进行了大规模系统的在线故障计算。为了模拟 ECDER 的动态行为，并开发符合传统故障计算的模型，提出了亚瞬态、瞬态和稳态期间 ECDER 的故障模型，在亚瞬态期间，所提出的模型中包含短峰值电流周期。为了验证所提出的模型，它们被集成到最近开发的在线故障计算中，并在各种大型系统上进行了测试。将计算机模拟的结果与使用最先进的实验室设备获得的结果以及有关 ECDER 故障电流贡献的相关报告进行比较。结果非常匹配，进一步验证了所提出的模型。在次瞬态期间，建议模型中包含一个短峰值电流周期。为了验证所提出的模型，它们被集成到最近开发的在线故障计算中，并在各种大型系统上进行了测试。将计算机模拟的结果与使用最先进的实验室设备获得的结果以及有关 ECDER 故障电流贡献的相关报告进行比较。结果非常匹配，进一步验证了所提出的模型。在次瞬态期间，建议模型中包含一个短峰值电流周期。为了验证所提出的模型，它们被集成到最近开发的在线故障计算中，并在各种大型系统上进行了测试。将计算机模拟的结果与使用最先进的实验室设备获得的结果以及有关 ECDER 故障电流贡献的相关报告进行比较。结果非常匹配，进一步验证了所提出的模型。以及有关 ECDER 故障电流贡献的相关报告。结果非常匹配，进一步验证了所提出的模型。以及有关 ECDER 故障电流贡献的相关报告。结果非常匹配，进一步验证了所提出的模型。