Distributed control schemes have transformed frequency and voltage regulation into a local task in distributed generators (DGs) rather than by a central secondary controller. A distributed scheme is based on information shared among neighboring units; thus, the microgrid performance is affected by issues induced by the communication network. This paper presents a distributed predictive control applied to the secondary level of microgrids. The model used for prediction purposes is based on droop and power transfer equations; however, communication features, such as connectivity and latency, are also included, thus making the controller tolerant to electrical and communication failures. The proposed controller considers the frequency and voltage regulation control objectives and consensus over the real and reactive power contributions from each power unit in the microgrid. The experimental and simulation results show that the proposed scheme (i) responds properly to load variations, working within operating constraints, such as generation capacity and voltage range; (ii) maintains the control objectives when a power unit is disconnected and reconnected without any user updating in the controllers; and (iii) compensates for the effects of communication issues over the microgrid dynamics.

中文翻译：

---

微电网中频率和电压调节的分布式预测控制

分布式控制方案已将频率和电压调节转换为分布式发电机（DG）中的本地任务，而不是通过中央辅助控制器。分布式方案基于相邻单元之间共享的信息。因此，微电网的性能会受到通信网络引发的问题的影响。本文提出了应用于微电网二级控制的分布式预测控制。用于预测的模型基于下垂和功率传递方程；但是，还包括诸如连接性和等待时间之类的通信功能，因此使控制器能够承受电气和通信故障。拟议的控制器考虑了频率和电压调节控制目标，并就微电网中每个功率单元的有功功率和无功功率做出了共识。实验和仿真结果表明，所提出的方案（i）在运行约束（例如发电量和电压范围）内对负载变化做出了适当的响应；（ii）保持电源断开和重新连接时的控制目标，而无需用户对控制器进行任何更新；（iii）补偿通讯问题对微电网动力学的影响。（ii）保持电源断开和重新连接时的控制目标，而无需用户对控制器进行任何更新；（iii）补偿通讯问题对微电网动力学的影响。（ii）保持电源断开和重新连接时的控制目标，而无需用户对控制器进行任何更新；（iii）补偿通讯问题对微电网动力学的影响。