During the deregulation of retail power market, multiple stakeholders are gradually involved in distribution network to invest distributed resources and participate in power transactions, bringing great uncertainty to grid operations. This paper proposes a novel robust coordination expansion planning method that considers non-network solutions in a deregulated retail market, including the closed-loop demand response and other controllable strategies. A double-nested game model is constructed to simulate the bi-directional interaction between distribution system operator and stakeholders. Given that this model cannot be solved directly, a tri-layer decomposition algorithm is presented to enable a distributed optimization of the coupled problem. Furthermore, the case study is implemented on an IEEE 33-bus distribution system and an IEEE 123-bus distribution system, which demonstrates the efficiency and practicability of the proposed method and highlights its merits on enhancing flexibility and postponing unnecessary investments.

中文翻译：

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放松管制的电力市场中有源配电网的鲁棒协调扩展规划

在放松电力零售市场管制期间，多个利益相关者逐渐参与配电网络，以投资分布式资源并参与电力交易，这给电网运营带来了极大的不确定性。本文提出了一种新颖的鲁棒协调扩展计划方法，该方法考虑了放松管制的零售市场中的非网络解决方案，包括闭环需求响应和其他可控策略。构建了双重嵌套的博弈模型，以模拟分销系统运营商与利益相关者之间的双向交互。鉴于无法直接求解该模型，提出了一种三层分解算法以实现耦合问题的分布式优化。此外，