Mechanical loading is an important factor in musculoskeletal health and disease. Tendons and ligaments require physiological levels of mechanical loading to develop and maintain their tissue architecture, a process that is achieved at the cellular level through mechanotransduction-mediated fine tuning of the extracellular matrix by tendon and ligament stromal cells. Pathological levels of force represent a biological (mechanical) stress that elicits an immune system-mediated tissue repair pathway in tendons and ligaments. The biomechanics and mechanobiology of tendons and ligaments form the basis for understanding how such tissues sense and respond to mechanical force, and the anatomical extent of several mechanical stress-related disorders in tendons and ligaments overlaps with that of chronic inflammatory arthritis in joints. The role of mechanical stress in 'overuse' injuries, such as tendinopathy, has long been known, but mechanical stress is now also emerging as a possible trigger for some forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis, including spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, seemingly diverse diseases of the musculoskeletal system might have similar mechanisms of immunopathogenesis owing to conserved responses to mechanical stress.

中文翻译：

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肌腱和韧带机械负荷在炎性关节炎的发病机理中。

机械负荷是肌肉骨骼健康和疾病的重要因素。肌腱和韧带需要生理水平的机械负荷才能发展和维持其组织结构，这一过程是通过肌腱和韧带基质细胞的机械转导介导的细胞外基质微调在细胞水平上实现的。病理水平的力代表生物（机械）应力，该应力在肌腱和韧带中引发免疫系统介导的组织修复途径。肌腱和韧带的生物力学和力学生物学构成了了解此类组织如何感测和响应机械力的基础，并且肌腱和韧带中几种与机械应力相关的疾病的解剖学范围与关节的慢性炎性关节炎相重叠。机械应力在诸如肌腱病之类的“过度使用”损伤中的作用早已为人所知，但现在机械应力也逐渐成为某些形式的慢性炎性关节炎（包括脊椎关节炎和类风湿关节炎）的可能触发因素。因此，由于对机械应激的保守反应，貌似多样的肌肉骨骼系统疾病可能具有相似的免疫发病机理。