Two hydrogen-rich materials, H$_3$S and LaH$_{10}$, synthesized at megabar pressures, have revolutionized the field of condensed matter physics providing the first glimpse to the solution of the hundred-year-old problem of room temperature superconductivity. The mechanism underlying superconductivity in these exceptional compounds is the conventional electron-phonon coupling. Here we describe recent advances in experimental techniques, superconductivity theory and first-principles computational methods which have made possible these discoveries. This work aims to provide an up-to-date compendium of the available results on superconducting hydrides and explain how the synergy of different methodologies led to extraordinary discoveries in the field. Besides, in an attempt to evidence empirical rules governing superconductivity in binary hydrides under pressure, we discuss general trends in the electronic structure and chemical bonding. The last part of the Review introduces possible strategies to optimize pressure and transition temperatures in conventional superconducting materials as well as future directions in theoretical, computational and experimental research.

中文翻译：

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高压下常规高温超导体的透视：方法和材料

在兆巴压力下合成的两种富氢材料 H$_3$S 和 LaH$_{10}$ 彻底改变了凝聚态物理领域，为解决百年历史的房间问题提供了第一眼温度超导。这些特殊化合物的超导机制是传统的电子-声子耦合。在这里，我们描述了使这些发现成为可能的实验技术、超导理论和第一性原理计算方法的最新进展。这项工作旨在提供有关超导氢化物的可用结果的最新概要，并解释不同方法的协同作用如何导致该领域的非凡发现。除了，为了证明在压力下控制二元氢化物超导性的经验规则，我们讨论了电子结构和化学键合的一般趋势。评论的最后一部分介绍了优化传统超导材料压力和转变温度的可能策略，以及理论、计算和实验研究的未来方向。