OBJECTIVES As one of the main active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine Andrographis paniculate, andrographolide is used in domestic clinical treatment for respiratory infections and inflammation. This study was designed to investigate the effects of andrographolide as an antioxidant on the level of oxidative stress, neutrophil accumulation and infiltration in joints and synovial tissue of arthritis rats induced by complete freund's adjuvant. METHODS A rat model of rheumatoid arthritis was induced by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in the footpad. The model was established 14 days after induction. The treatment was performed from 14th day to 35th day with different doses of andrographolide (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) and positive control methotrexate (3 mg/kg). The effects of andrographolide on oxidative stress, neutrophil accumulation and infiltration were measured by the paw swelling, arthritis score, the hot plate test, biochemical analysis, and histology. RESULTS The medium and high-dose andrographolide (50, 100 mg/kg) group declined the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and CXC chemokine ligand2, articular elastase and myeloperoxidase, and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. The activity of malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate in andrographolide (50, 100 mg/kg) group was weakened than the model group. The degree of swelling and arthritis score of andrographolide group was lower than the model group. The results of hot plate test showed that high dose of andrographolide significantly improved the anti-injury ability of rats; Radiological and histological results showed that the joint osteoporosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia and other phenomena in the andrographolide group were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS Andrographolide acts as a protective agent for the treatment of complete freund's adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and nitrite/nitrate levels in a dose-dependent manner, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing levels of chemokines and inflammatory factors, preventing neutrophil accumulation and infiltration.

中文翻译：

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穿心莲内酯可改善完全弗氏佐剂诱发的关节炎中的氧化应激，炎症和组织学结果。

目的穿心莲内酯是穿心莲中草药的主要活性成分之一，在国内临床上用于呼吸道感染和炎症的治疗。本研究旨在研究穿心莲内酯作为抗氧化剂对完全弗氏佐剂诱导的关节炎大鼠关节和滑膜组织中氧化应激，中性粒细胞积累和浸润水平的影响。方法通过足底皮下注射弗氏完全佐剂诱导大鼠类风湿关节炎。诱导后14天建立模型。从第14天到第35天用不同剂量的穿心莲内酯（25、50、100 mg / kg）和阳性对照甲氨蝶呤（3 mg / kg）进行治疗。穿心莲内酯对氧化应激的影响 通过足爪肿胀，关节炎评分，热板试验，生化分析和组织学测量中性粒细胞的积累和浸润。结果中高剂量穿心莲内酯（50，100 mg / kg）组降低了肿瘤坏死因子-α，白介素-6和CXC趋化因子配体2，关节弹性蛋白酶和髓过氧化物酶的水平，并增加了抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶的水平，过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽。穿心莲内酯（50，100 mg / kg）组丙二醛和亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐的活性较模型组弱。穿心莲内酯组的肿胀程度和关节炎评分低于模型组。热板试验结果表明，高剂量穿心莲内酯能显着提高大鼠的抗损伤能力。放射学和组织学结果表明穿心莲内酯组的关节骨质疏松，炎性细胞浸润，滑膜增生等现象得到了明显改善。结论穿心莲内酯可通过剂量依赖性抑制脂质过氧化和亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐水平，增强抗氧化酶活性，降低趋化因子和炎性因子水平，预防中性白细胞积聚和预防，从而作为治疗完全弗氏佐剂诱导的类风湿性关节炎的保护剂。浸润。