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Vertical distribution and diel migration of zooplankton and micronekton in Polcevera submarine canyon of the Ligurian mesopelagic zone (NW Mediterranean Sea)
Progress in Oceanography ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102298
Antonia Granata , Alessandro Bergamasco , Pietro Battaglia , Giacomo Milisenda , Marco Pansera , Vincenzo Bonanzinga , Giuseppe Arena , Franco Andaloro , Salvatore Giacobbe , Silvestro Greco , Rosanna Guglielmo , Nunziacarla Spanò , Giacomo Zagami , Letterio Guglielmo

Abstract Changes in the composition and biomass distribution of deep-living zooplankton over wide gradients of depth (0–1300 m) have been analyzed in the Central Ligurian Basin (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea), seeking the environmental variables responsible for these changes. Spring vertical distribution (early May 2013) and diel vertical migration (DVM) of some key species of macroplankton and micronekton communities were studied every 6 h during a 24 h cycle. The hauls, performed with the multiple opening/closing 230 µm BIONESS net system, made possible a detailed description of the vertical distribution of twenty-three species: one siphonophore, one pyrosomid, one salp, three pteropods, four amphipods, one mysid, eight euphausiids, two decapods, two fishes. Cluster analysis performed on major species of macroplankton and micronekton community assemblage mainly highlighted the presence of four well defined assemblages, based on the depth range in the water column: 0–60 m, 60–100 m, 100–600 m and from 600 to 1300 m. During daytime, vertical distributions of biomass exhibited similar profiles, with maxima in the 0–60 m layer. Highest abundances were recorded between 20–40 and 40–60 m depth, at midnight and in the morning. The highest values of both biodiversity and number of species were found in a deeper layer comprised between 400 and 600 m. Most of the species showed similar distributions throughout the sampled area, either with typical non-diel-migrating characters such as the euphausiid Stylocheiron longicorne and the fishes Cyclothone braueri and C. pygmaea, or with clear diel-migrant behaviour (e.g. the siphonophore Chelophyes appendiculata and the euphausiid Euphausia krohni). Some species (e.g. Vibilia armata, Phronima sedentaria, Scina crassicornis, Salpa fusiformis, Cavolinia inflexa, Gennadas elegans) exhibited a bimodal vertical distribution that could be attributed to different causes able to influence and modify their vertical migration. The lower values of chlorophylla concentrations found in the present studyinthe month of May corresponds to the transition period from a mesotrophic system to a rather oligotrophic one. Temperature and chlorophyll were the variables that principally influenced the distinction between shallow (0–60 m) and deep communities. Below 60 m depth, the dissolved oxygen and salinity become the most important variables affecting the zooplankton community.

中文翻译:

利古里亚中远洋区(地中海西北部)Polcevera 海底峡谷浮游动物和微型浮游动物的垂直分布和日常迁移

摘要 在中央利古里亚盆地(地中海西北部)分析了深水浮游动物组成和生物量分布在很宽的深度梯度(0-1300 m)上的变化,寻找导致这些变化的环境变量。在 24 小时周期内每 6 小时研究大型浮游生物和微型浮游生物群落的一些关键物种的春季垂直分布(2013 年 5 月上旬)和昼夜垂直迁移(DVM)。使用多开/关 230 µm BIONESS 网系统进行的拖运使详细描述 23 个物种的垂直分布成为可能:一个虹吸虫、一个焦虫、一个salp、三个翼足类动物、四个片脚类动物、一个 mysid、八个磷虾,两条十足目,两条鱼。对大型浮游生物和微型浮游生物群落组合的主要物种进行的聚类分析主要强调存在四个明确定义的组合,基于水体中的深度范围:0-60 m、60-100 m、100-600 m 和从 600 到1300米。在白天,生物量的垂直分布表现出相似的分布,最大值在 0-60 m 层。最高丰度记录在 20-40 和 40-60 m 深度之间,在午夜和早晨。生物多样性和物种数量的最高值出现在 400 到 600 m 之间的更深层。大多数物种在整个采样区域显示出相似的分布,要么具有典型的非日间迁移特征,如 euphausiid Stylocheiron longicorne 和鱼类 Cyclothone braueri 和 C. pygmaea,或具有明显的移居行为(例如虹吸藻 Chelophyes appendiculata 和 euphausiid Euphausia krohni)。一些物种(例如 Vibilia armata、Phronima sedentaria、Scina crassicornis、Salpa fusiformis、Cavolinia inflexa、Gennadas elegans)表现出双峰垂直分布,这可能归因于能够影响和改变其垂直迁移的不同原因。在本研究中发现的 5 月份叶绿素浓度的较低值对应于从中营养系统到相当贫营养系统的过渡期。温度和叶绿素是主要影响浅层(0-60 m)和深层群落区别的变量。在 60 m 深度以下,溶解氧和盐度成为影响浮游动物群落的最重要变量。虹吸虫 Chelophyes appendiculata 和 euphausiid Euphausia krohni)。一些物种(例如 Vibilia armata、Phronima sedentaria、Scina crassicornis、Salpa fusiformis、Cavolinia inflexa、Gennadas elegans)表现出双峰垂直分布,这可能归因于能够影响和改变其垂直迁移的不同原因。在本研究中发现的 5 月份叶绿素浓度的较低值对应于从中营养系统到相当贫营养系统的过渡期。温度和叶绿素是主要影响浅层(0-60 m)和深层群落区别的变量。在 60 m 深度以下,溶解氧和盐度成为影响浮游动物群落的最重要变量。虹吸虫 Chelophyes appendiculata 和 euphausiid Euphausia krohni)。一些物种(例如 Vibilia armata、Phronima sedentaria、Scina crassicornis、Salpa fusiformis、Cavolinia inflexa、Gennadas elegans)表现出双峰垂直分布,这可能归因于能够影响和改变其垂直迁移的不同原因。在本研究中发现的 5 月份叶绿素浓度的较低值对应于从中营养系统到相当贫营养系统的过渡期。温度和叶绿素是主要影响浅层(0-60 m)和深层群落区别的变量。在 60 m 深度以下,溶解氧和盐度成为影响浮游动物群落的最重要变量。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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