The repeated pairing of a particular stimulus with a specific cognitive control process, such as task switching, can bind the two together in memory, resulting in the formation of stimulus-control associations. These bindings are thought to guide the context-sensitive application of cognitive control, but it is not presently known whether such stimulus-control associations are only acquired through slow, incremental learning or could also be mediated by episodic memories of a single experience, so-called one-shot learning. Here, we tested this episodic control-binding hypothesis by probing whether a single co-occurrence of a stimulus and the control process of task switching would lead to significant performance benefits (reduced task switch cost) when that stimulus later re-occurred under the same as opposed to different control demands. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that item-specific stimulus-control associations can be formed based on a single exposure, providing the first strong evidence for episodic memory guidance of cognitive control.

中文翻译：

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控制记忆：对特定项目的刺激控制关联进行一次情景学习。

特定刺激与特定认知控制过程（例如任务切换）的重复配对可将两者在内存中绑定在一起，从而形成刺激控制关联。这些绑定被认为可以指导认知控制的上下文相关应用，但是目前尚不知道这种刺激控制关联是仅通过缓慢的渐进式学习获得还是由单一经验的情景记忆来介导，因此-称为一次性学习。在这里，我们通过探究一种刺激和控制切换的同时发生是否会在显着的性能优势（减少任务切换成本）上导致该性能后来（在相同条件下再次发生）时，检验了这种情景控制约束假设而不是不同的控制要求。