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Distinct nutritional and endocrine regulation of prothoracic gland activities underlies divergent life history strategies in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster.
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103335
Lily C Xu 1 , Catarina Nunes 2 , Victoria R Wang 1 , Akiho Saito 1 , Teresa Chen 1 , Priyanka Basak 1 , Jane J Chang 3 , Takashi Koyama 4 , Yuichiro Suzuki 1
Affiliation  

Life history trade-offs lead to various strategies that maximize fitness, but the developmental mechanisms underlying these alternative strategies continue to be poorly understood. In insects, trade-offs exist between size and developmental time. Recent studies in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have suggested that the steroidogenic prothoracic glands play a key role in determining the timing of metamorphosis. In this study, the nutrient-dependent growth and transcriptional activation of prothoracic glands were studied in D. melanogaster and the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. In both species, minimum viable weight (MVW) was associated with activation of ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes and growth of prothoracic gland cells. However, the timing of MVW attainment in M. sexta is delayed by the presence of the sesquiterpenoid hormone, juvenile hormone (JH), whereas in D. melanogaster it is not. Moreover, in D. melanogaster, the transcriptional regulation of ecdysteroidogenesis becomes nutrient-independent at the MVW/critical weight (CW) checkpoint. In contrast, in M. sexta, starvation consistently reduced transcriptional activation of ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes even after CW attainment, indicating that the nature of CW differs fundamentally between the two species. In D. melanogaster, the prothoracic glands dictate the timing of metamorphosis even in the absence of nutritional inputs, whereas in M. sexta, prothoracic gland activity is tightly coupled to the nutritional status of the body, thereby delaying the onset of metamorphosis before CW attainment. We propose that selection for survival under unpredictable nutritional availability leads to the evolution of increased modularity in both morphological and endocrine traits.

中文翻译:

前胸腺活动的不同营养和内分泌调节是曼杜卡六倍体和果蝇果蝇不同生活史策略的基础。

生活史的权衡取舍导致最大化适应性的各种策略,但这些替代策略所基于的发展机制仍然知之甚少。在昆虫中,需要在大小和发育时间之间进行权衡。最近对果蝇果蝇的研究表明,类固醇生成的胸腺在决定变态的时间上起着关键作用。在这项研究中,研究了D. melanogaster和烟草天蛾Manduca sexta中胸腺的营养依赖性生长和转录激活。在这两个物种中,最小可行体重(MVW)与蜕皮甾类生物合成基因的激活和胸腺细胞的生长有关。但是,倍半萜类激素的存在会延迟性交中MVW的到达时间,少年激素(JH),而在黑腹果蝇中则不是。此外,在D. melanogaster中,蜕皮类固醇生成的转录调控在MVW /临界重量(CW)检查点变得不依赖营养。相反,在六分体中,饥饿甚至降低了蜕皮类固醇生物合成基因的转录激活率,即使在获得CW后,这表明这两个物种之间CW的本质存在根本差异。在D. melanogaster中,即使没有营养投入,胸前腺也决定了变态的时间,而在M. sexta中,胸前腺的活动与身体的营养状况紧密相关,从而延迟了变态的发生在获得CW之前。
更新日期:2020-02-20
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