Aneuploidy has profound effects on an organism, typically more so than polyploidy, and the basis of this contrast is not fully understood. A dosage series of the maize long arm of chromosome 1 (1L) was used to compare relative global gene expression in different types and degrees of aneuploidy to gain insights into how the magnitude of genomic imbalance as well as hypoploidy affects global gene expression. While previously available methods require a selective examination of specific genes, RNA sequencing provides a whole-genome view of gene expression in aneuploids. Most studies of global aneuploidy effects have concentrated on individual types of aneuploids because multiple dose aneuploidies of the same genomic region are difficult to produce in most model genetic organisms. The genetic toolkit of maize allows the examination of multiple ploidies and 1–4 doses of chromosome arms. Thus, a detailed examination of expression changes both on the varied chromosome arms and elsewhere in the genome is possible, in both hypoploids and hyperploids, compared with euploid controls. Previous studies observed the inverse trans effect, in which genes not varied in DNA dosage were expressed in a negative relationship to the varied chromosomal region. This response was also the major type of changes found globally in this study. Many genes varied in dosage showed proportional expression changes, though some were seen to be partly or fully dosage compensated. It was also found that the effects of aneuploidy were progressive, with more severe aneuploids producing effects of greater magnitude.

非整倍体对生物体的影响深远，通常比多倍体大，而这种差异的基础尚不完全清楚。使用一个剂量系列的玉米第1号染色体长臂（1L）来比较不同类型和非整倍性程度下的相对全局基因表达，以了解基因组失衡和次倍性的大小如何影响全局基因表达。尽管以前可用的方法需要选择性检查特定基因，但RNA测序提供了非整倍体中基因表达的全基因组视图。关于全局非整倍性影响的大多数研究都集中在单个类型的非整倍体上，因为在大多数模型遗传生物中很难产生相同基因组区域的多剂量非整倍体。玉米的遗传工具包可以检查多个倍性和1-4剂量的染色体臂。因此，与整倍体对照相比，在双倍体和超倍体中都可以详细检查变化的染色体臂和基因组其他地方的表达变化。先前的研究观察到了逆反式作用，其中DNA剂量不变的基因与变化的染色体区域呈负相关。这种反应也是这项研究在全球范围内发现的主要变化类型。许多剂量不同的基因表现出成比例的表达变化，尽管有些基因被部分或完全补偿。还发现非整倍体的影响是渐进的，更严重的非整倍体产生的影响更大。