There is much scholarly and policy interest in the role that international finance could play in closing the financing gap for community adaptation initiatives. Despite the interest, the overall amount of international adaptation finance that has reached local recipients remains low. What makes internationally-financed climate change adaptation projects focus on investment at the community level is particularly poorly understood. This study systematically assesses conditions that influence the focus on vulnerable local communities in internationally-financed adaptation projects. Using the Adaptation Fund (AF) under the Kyoto Protocol as the case study, we apply fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to analyze 30 AF projects to identify specific configurations of conditions that lead to a stronger or weaker community focus in project design. We find that the absence of high exposure to projected future climate risks is a necessary condition for a weaker community focus in AF projects. Three configurations of sufficient conditions are identified that lead to a stronger community focus. They involve the contextual factors of projected future climate risks, civil society governance, and access modality to AF financing. In particular, AF projects with a stronger community focus are stimulated by the sole presence of higher exposure to projected future climate risks in a group of countries, and by the complementary roles of civil society governance and the access modality to the AF in others. These findings contribute new insights on how to enhance local inclusiveness of global climate finance.

国际金融在弥补社区适应计划的资金缺口方面可以发挥的作用引起了学术界和政策界的极大兴趣。尽管有兴趣，但已获得当地接受者的国际适应资金总额仍然很低。人们很少了解使国际资助的气候变化适应项目侧重于社区一级的投资的原因。这项研究系统地评估了在国际资助的适应项目中影响对脆弱的当地社区的关注的条件。以《京都议定书》之下的适应基金为例，我们应用模糊集定性比较分析（QCA）分析了30个AF项目，以识别导致项目设计中社区关注点增强或减弱的特定条件配置。我们发现，缺乏对预计的未来气候风险的高度暴露是弱化社区对AF项目的关注的必要条件。确定了充分条件的三种配置，这些配置导致了更强大的社区关注。它们涉及预计的未来气候风险，民间社会治理以及AF融资渠道的背景因素。尤其是，在某些国家/地区中，更多地暴露于预计的未来气候风险会激发人们更加关注社区的AF项目，以及民间社会治理和其他机构对AF的获取方式的补充作用。这些发现为如何增强全球气候融资的地方包容性提供了新的见解。