In the present study extinction and renewal of cognitive associations were assessed in two experiments in participants with focal and degenerative cerebellar disease. Using a predictive learning task, participants had to learn by trial and error the relationships between food items and the occurrence of stomach trouble in a hypothetical patient. In the first experiment, focus was on renewal effects. Participants with chronic cerebellar stroke (n = 14; mean age 50.9 ± 12 years), participants with degenerative cerebellar disease (n = 16; mean age 58 ± 12 years), age-, sex-, and education matched controls (n = 20; mean age 53.7 ± 10.8 years) and young controls (n = 19; mean age 23.2 ± 2.7 years) were tested. Acquisition and extinction of food-stomach trouble associations took part in two different contexts (represented by restaurants). In a subsequent test phase, food stimuli were presented in both contexts and no feedback was given. This allowed testing for renewal of the initially acquired associations in the acquisition context. Acquisition and extinction learning were not significantly different between groups. Significant renewal effects were present in young controls only. In the second experiment, focus was on extinction. To control for age effects, 19 young participants with chronic surgical lesions of the cerebellum (mean age 25.6 ± 6.1 years), and 24 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls were tested. Acquisition and extinction of food-stomach trouble associations took part in the same context. In the extinction phase, the relationship with stomach trouble was reversed in some of the food items. Acquisition and extinction learning were not significantly different between groups. The main finding of the present study was preserved extinction of learned cognitive associations in participants with chronic cerebellar disease. Findings agree with previous observations in the literature that cognitive abnormalities are frequently absent or weak in adults with cerebellar disease. This does not exclude a contribution of the cerebellum to extinction of learned associations. For example, findings may be different in more challenging cognitive tasks, and in participants with acute cerebellar disease with no time for compensation.

中文翻译：

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小脑疾病患者的认知联系消失。

在本研究中，在患有局灶性和退行性小脑疾病的参与者的两个实验中评估了认知联想的消亡和更新。使用预测性学习任务，参与者必须通过反复试验来学习假设的患者中食物与胃部不适发生之间的关系。在第一个实验中，重点是更新效果。慢性小脑卒中的参与者（n = 14；平均年龄50.9±12岁），变性性小脑疾病的参与者（n = 16；平均年龄58±12岁），年龄，性别和受教育程度相匹配的对照组（n = 20） ；平均年龄53.7±10.8岁）和年轻对照组（n = 19；平均年龄23.2±2.7岁）。食物和胃部疾病的关联的获取和消灭参与了两种不同的情况（以餐馆为代表）。在随后的测试阶段，在两种情况下都提供了食物刺激，并且没有给出反馈。这允许测试在获取上下文中是否更新了最初获取的关联。两组之间的习得和灭绝学习没有显着差异。显着的更新效果仅存在于年轻对照中。在第二个实验中，重点是灭绝。为了控制年龄，我们测试了19位年轻的慢性小脑外科损伤参与者（平均年龄25.6±6.1岁）以及24位年龄，性别和教育程度相匹配的健康对照者。食物和胃部疾病协会的获得和灭绝是在同一背景下进行的。在灭绝阶段，某些食物与胃部不适的关系被逆转。两组之间的习得和灭绝学习没有显着差异。本研究的主要发现是保留了慢性小脑疾病患者学习认知关联的灭绝。这些发现与文献中先前的观察结果一致，即在小脑疾病的成年人中，通常不存在或缺乏认知异常。这不排除小脑对消灭学习协会的贡献。例如，在更具挑战性的认知任务中以及在没有时间补偿的急性小脑疾病患者中，发现可能有所不同。这些发现与文献中先前的观察结果一致，即在小脑疾病的成年人中，通常不存在或缺乏认知异常。这不排除小脑对消灭学习协会的贡献。例如，在更具挑战性的认知任务中以及在没有时间补偿的急性小脑疾病患者中，发现可能有所不同。这些发现与文献中先前的观察结果一致，即在小脑疾病的成年人中，通常不存在或缺乏认知异常。这不排除小脑对消灭学习协会的贡献。例如，在更具挑战性的认知任务中以及在没有时间补偿的急性小脑疾病患者中，发现可能有所不同。