OBJECTIVES The current study explored whether social support (SS) from family and peers, influences the relationship between depressed mood (DM) and substance use (SU). We hypothesized that SS would have a protective effect on DM, and moderate the association between DM and SU. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Analyses focused on 703 individuals from the Carolina African American Twin Study on Aging (mean age = 49.78 years, STD = 14.52; 51% female). Participants reported on past year frequency of cigarettes and alcohol consumption, depressed mood, and stressful life events. Social support (SS) was assessed on two domains (i.e., emotional and instrumental), as well as for perceived quality and quantity of each type. Hypotheses were tested using ordinal logistic regression in Mplus while controlling for socioeconomic status, age, and gender. RESULTS Quality of emotional support was negatively associated with drinking. Smoking, but not drinking was associated with depressed mood. While individuals with high levels of depressed mood received more support, receiving better quality emotional support was associated with fewer mood and stress symptoms. Individuals who reported receiving better quality emotional support typically smoked fewer cigarettes. CONCLUSION Quantity of emotional support was associated with higher levels of negative emotionality, whereas the opposite was found for quality of emotional support. Emotional support may indirectly influence smoking via depressed mood. Effecting the perceived quality of support appears to be the mechanism by which emotional support helps to reduce smoking in adult African Americans.

中文翻译：

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社会支持在压力和抑郁对非裔美国人吸烟和饮酒的影响中的作用。

目的本研究探讨了家庭和同龄人的社会支持（SS）是否会影响抑郁情绪（DM）与药物滥用（SU）之间的关系。我们假设SS对DM有保护作用，并减轻DM与SU之间的联系。参与者和方法分析的对象为来自卡罗来纳州非裔美国人双胞胎老龄化研究的703人（平均年龄= 49.78岁，STD = 14.52； 51％为女性）。参与者报告了过去一年的吸烟和饮酒次数，情绪低落和生活压力大的事件。在两个领域（即情感和工具）以及每种类型的感知质量和数量对社会支持（SS）进行了评估。在控制社会经济状况，年龄和性别的同时，使用Mplus中的顺序逻辑回归对假设进行了检验。结果情绪支持的质量与饮酒呈负相关。吸烟但不喝酒与情绪低落有关。虽然情绪低落的人得到的支持更多，但获得更好质量的情绪支持却减少了情绪和压力症状。报告获得更好质量的情感支持的个体通常吸烟较少。结论情绪支持的数量与较高水平的负面情绪相关，而情绪支持的质量则相反。情绪支持可能会通过情绪低落间接影响吸烟。影响支持的感知质量似乎是情感支持有助于减少成年非洲裔美国人吸烟的机制。