Musk compounds are often used as to treat heart-related diseases and are widely used in Asia. Muscone is one of the most important physiologically active compounds of natural musk. Muscone is a chiral compound and can be further classified into S-muscone and R-muscone and both are present in synthetic musk. While these two chiral isomers have significant differences in odor properties, their difference in toxicity is still unknown. This study used zebrafish as an animal model to compare cardiac toxicities of S-muscone and R-muscone. Results showed that both compounds were acutely toxic to zebrafish embryos causing mortality, decreased hatching rate, pericardial edema, and decreased heart beat rate. These toxicities were modulated through increased Myh6 and Myh7 mRNA expression, and decreased thyroid genes (Trh, Thrβ, and Dio3) expression. R-muscone caused higher toxicity than S-muscone at the same concentration. For safety, the chiral isomer composition of synthetic muscone should be carefully regulated in the future.

中文翻译：

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麝香酮对胚胎斑马鱼心脏的手性毒性。

麝香化合物常被用于治疗与心脏有关的疾病，并在亚洲得到广泛使用。麝香酮是天然麝香中最重要的生理活性化合物之一。麝香酮是一种手性化合物，可以进一步分为S-麝香酮和R-麝香酮，两者都存在于合成麝香中。尽管这两种手性异构体在气味特性上有显着差异，但它们在毒性上的差异仍然未知。这项研究使用斑马鱼作为动物模型来比较S-muscone和R-muscone的心脏毒性。结果表明，这两种化合物对斑马鱼胚胎均具有剧毒，可导致死亡，孵化率降低，心包水肿和心跳率降低。这些毒性通过增加Myh6和Myh7 mRNA表达以及减少甲状腺基因（Trh，Thrβ和Dio3）表达来调节。在相同浓度下，R-muscone比S-muscone毒性更高。为了安全起见，今后应仔细调节合成麝香酮的手性异构体组成。