Adolescence is a period of increased risk-taking behavior where individual differences in risk taking may relate to both adverse and positive experiences with peers. Yet, knowledge on how risk processing develops in the adolescent brain and whether this development is related to peer attachment is limited. In this longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we collected data from 167 adolescents (53% male) followed for four annual assessments across ages 13–17 years. At each assessment, participants completed a lottery choice task to assess neural risk processing and reported on their perceived attachment to peers and parents. Behaviorally, risk-preference on the lottery choice task decreased linearly with age. Neural activation during risk processing was consistently found in the insula and dACC across the four assessments and increased linearly from ages 13–17 years. Furthermore, higher peer attachment was related to greater right insula risk processing for males but not for females, even after controlling for parental attachment. The magnitudes of this association did not change with age. Findings demonstrate that neural risk processing shows maturation across adolescence and high peer attachment may be associated with low risk taking by heightening neural sensitivity to potential risks for male adolescents.

青春期是一个冒险行为增加的时期，其中冒险的个体差异可能与同伴的不良和积极经历有关。然而，关于风险处理在青少年大脑中如何发展以及这种发展是否与同伴依恋有关的知识是有限的。在这项纵向功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究中，我们收集了167名青少年（53％的男性）的数据，随后进行了13-17岁之间的四个年度评估。在每次评估中，参与者完成了彩票选择任务以评估神经风险处理，并报告了他们对同伴和父母的依恋。从行为上讲，彩票选择任务的风险偏好随着年龄的增长而线性下降。在这四个评估中，始终在绝缘体和dACC中发现了风险处理过程中的神经激活，并且从13-17岁开始线性增加。此外，即使在控制父母依恋之后，较高的同伴依恋与男性对更大的右岛绝缘风险处理有关，但与女性无关。这种关联的程度并没有随着年龄的增长而改变。研究结果表明，神经风险处理显示出青春期的成熟，而同伴依恋的增加可能通过提高对男性青少年潜在风险的神经敏感性来降低低风险。这种关联的程度并没有随着年龄的增长而改变。研究结果表明，神经风险处理显示出青春期的成熟，而同伴依恋的增加可能通过提高对男性青少年潜在风险的神经敏感性来降低低风险。这种关联的程度并没有随着年龄的增长而改变。研究结果表明，神经风险处理显示出青春期成熟，而同伴依恋度高可能通过提高对男性青少年潜在风险的神经敏感性来降低低风险。