Coordination languages and models have proved to be well suited to program the interaction of a wide variety of data-intensive distributed systems. Building upon previous work by the authors, this paper aims at exploring how the addition of multiplicity information to tuples increases the expressiveness of Linda-like languages. It proposes a set of languages integrating the multiplicity in different perspectives. The expressiveness hierarchy between these languages is then studied through the notion of modular embedding proposed by De Boer and Palamidessi. Complementing these theoretical study, considerations on the implementation are drawn, which attest that the more expressive a language is, the more expensive is its implementation.

事实证明，协调语言和模型非常适合对各种数据密集型分布式系统的交互进行编程。在作者以前的工作的基础上，本文旨在探讨将多元性信息添加到元组中如何增加类Linda语言的表达能力。它提出了一套从不同角度整合多样性的语言。然后，通过De Boer和Palamidessi提出的模块化嵌入概念研究这些语言之间的表达层次。作为对这些理论研究的补充，提出了有关实现的注意事项，证明语言的表达能力越强，其实现的成本就越高。