Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers connected by dynamic covalent bonds, have been well studied over the past decade. Recently, three dimensional (3D) COFs have attracted extensive interest for the synthesis and applications of novel COFs. The principal reason for this rising trend is based on their unique porous features and excellent performances compared to previously reported two dimensional (2D) frameworks with the layered AA-stacking mode. This critical review describes the current state-of-the-art development of 3D COFs in the design principles, synthetic methods, functionalization strategies, and potential applications. Some major challenges associated with future perspectives are further discussed, inspiring the development of 3D COFs.

中文翻译：

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三维共价有机骨架的设计和应用。

在过去的十年中，作为通过动态共价键连接的一类新兴的结晶多孔聚合物，共价有机骨架（COF）已得到了充分的研究。最近，三维（3D）COF吸引了人们对新型COF的合成和应用的广泛兴趣。与以前报道的具有分层AA堆叠模式的二维（2D）框架相比，这种上升趋势的主要原因是基于其独特的多孔特征和出色的性能。这篇重要的评论从设计原理，合成方法，功能化策略和潜在应用等方面描述了3D COF的最新发展。进一步讨论了与未来观点相关的一些主要挑战，启发了3D COF的发展。