Optimal strategies for epidemic containment are focused on dismantling the contact network through effective immunization with minimal costs. However, network fragmentation is seldom accessible in practice and may present extreme side effects. In this work, we investigate the epidemic containment immunizing population fractions far below the percolation threshold. We report that moderate and weakly supervised immunizations can lead to finite epidemic thresholds of the susceptible-infected-susceptible model on scale-free networks by changing the nature of the transition from a specific motif to a collectively driven process. Both pruning of efficient spreaders and increasing of their mutual separation are necessary for a collective activation. Fractions of immunized vertices needed to eradicate the epidemics which are much smaller than the percolation thresholds were observed for a broad spectrum of real networks considering targeted or acquaintance immunization strategies. Our work contributes for the construction of optimal containment, preserving network functionality through nonmassive and viable immunization strategies.

中文翻译：

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非大规模免疫可遏制复杂网络中的传播

流行病遏制的最佳策略集中在通过有效的免疫以最小的成本拆除接触网络。但是，在实践中很少可以访问网络碎片，并且可能会出现严重的副作用。在这项工作中，我们调查了远低于渗滤阈值的防疫免疫人群。我们报告说，通过改变从特定主题到集体驱动过程的转变性质，中度和弱监督免疫可以导致无鳞网络上易感性感染易感模型的有限流行阈值。修剪有效的吊具和增加其相互分离对于集体激活都是必需的。在广泛的真实网络中，考虑到目标免疫或熟人免疫策略，消除根除流行病所需的免疫顶点的分数要小得多。我们的工作有助于构建最佳收容措施，并通过非大规模可行的免疫策略保留网络功能。