The interaction between histones and DNA is important for eukaryotic gene expression. A loose interaction caused, for example, by the neutralization of a positive charge on the histone surface by acetylation, induces a less compact chromatin structure, resulting in feasible accessibility of RNA polymerase and increased gene expression. In contrast, the formation of a tight chromatin structure due to the deacetylation of histone lysine residues on the surface by histone deacetylases enforces the interaction between the histones and DNA, which minimizes the chance of RNA polymerases contacting DNA, resulting in decreased gene expression. Therefore, the balance of the acetylation of histones mediated by histone acetylases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) is an issue of transcription that has long been studied in relation to posttranslational modification. In this review, current knowledge of HDACs is briefly described with an emphasis on recent progress in research on HDACs, especially on class IIa HDACs.

中文翻译：

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组蛋白脱乙酰基酶的简要指南，包括II类酶的最新进展。

组蛋白和DNA之间的相互作用对于真核基因表达很重要。松散的相互作用，例如由乙酰化作用中和组蛋白表面上的正电荷所引起的相互作用，会导致染色质结构的致密性降低，从而导致RNA聚合酶的可及性和基因表达的增加。相反，由于组蛋白脱乙酰基酶使表面上的组蛋白赖氨酸残基脱乙酰化而形成紧密的染色质结构，从而增强了组蛋白与DNA之间的相互作用，从而使RNA聚合酶与DNA接触的机会最小化，从而导致基因表达降低。因此，组蛋白乙酰化酶（HATs）和组蛋白脱乙酰基酶（HDACs）介导的组蛋白乙酰化平衡是转录的一个问题，长期以来一直与翻译后修饰有关。在这篇综述中，简要介绍了HDAC的当前知识，重点介绍了HDAC，特别是IIa类HDAC的最新研究进展。