Nanoparticulate films of NiO and carbon are fabricated by electrospray coating of respective aqueous precursors on Ni foam. The adhesion of the active layers to the substrate during solvent evaporation, calcination, or carbonization is demonstrated for both types of electrodes. The effect of metal precursor composition and calcination temperature is analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical techniques. The capacitance of NiO and carbon film electrodes is found to be 343 mF cm^–2 (286 F g^–1) and 118 mF cm^–2 (118 F g^–1), respectively at a current density of 1 mA cm^–2. The supercapacitor in an asymmetric setup delivers specific energy and specific power to the levels of 12.6 Wh kg^–1 and 1.7 kW kg^–1 respectively, with the capacitance retention of 88% after 2000 cycles at 5 mA cm^–2.

中文翻译：

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通过不对称超级电容器中前体溶胶的电喷雾涂层生长薄膜电极

NiO和碳的纳米颗粒薄膜是通过将各种水性前驱物电喷涂在Ni泡沫上制成的。对于这两种类型的电极，在溶剂蒸发，煅烧或碳化过程中，活性层对基底的粘附都得到了证明。通过X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电化学技术分析了金属前驱体组成和煅烧温度的影响。发现在电流密度为1 mA cm ^–2时，NiO和碳膜电极的电容分别为343 mF cm ^–2（286 F g ^–1）和118 mF cm ^–2（118 F g ^–1）。。非对称设置中的超级电容器分别提供12.6 Wh kg ^–1和1.7 kW kg ^–1的比能量和比功率，在5 mA cm ^–2的2000次循环后，电容保持88％。