OBJECTIVES To identify and summarise existing indices for measuring multimorbidity beyond disease counts, to establish which indices include mental health comorbidities or outcomes, and to develop recommendations based on applicability, performance, and usage. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Seven medical research databases (Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus) from inception to October 2018 and bibliographies and citations of relevant papers. Searches were limited to English language publications. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR STUDY SELECTION Original articles describing a new multimorbidity index including more information than disease counts and not focusing on comorbidity associated with one specific disease. Studies were of adults based in the community or at population level. RESULTS Among 7128 search results, 5560 unique titles were identified. After screening against eligibility criteria the review finally included 35 papers. As index components, 25 indices used conditions (weighted or in combination with other parameters), five used diagnostic categories, four used drug use, and one used physiological measures. Predicted outcomes included mortality (18 indices), healthcare use or costs (13), hospital admission (13), and health related quality of life (7). 29 indices considered some aspect of mental health, with most including it as a comorbidity. 12 indices are recommended for use. CONCLUSIONS 35 multimorbidity indices are available, with differing components and outcomes. Researchers and clinicians should examine existing indices for suitability before creating new ones. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017074211.

中文翻译：

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测量疾病以外的多发性：社区和人口研究的系统评价和指数选择指南。

目的 确定和总结现有的用于衡量疾病计数以外的多发性的指标，确定哪些指标包括心理健康合并症或结果，并根据适用性、性能和使用情况制定建议。设计 系统审查。数据来源 从成立到 2018 年 10 月的七个医学研究数据库（Medline、Web of Science 核心合集、Cochrane Library、Embase、PsycINFO、Scopus 和 CINAHL Plus）以及相关论文的参考书目和引文。搜索仅限于英语出版物。研究选择的资格标准 描述新的多发病指数的原始文章，包括比疾病计数更多的信息，而不是关注与一种特定疾病相关的合并症。研究是基于社区或人口水平的成年人。结果 在 7128 个搜索结果中，识别出 5560 个唯一标题。根据资格标准筛选后，审查最终包括 35 篇论文。作为指数成分，25 个指数使用条件（加权或与其他参数组合）、5 个使用的诊断类别、4 个使用的药物使用和 1 个使用的生理测量。预测结果包括死亡率（18 个指数）、医疗保健使用或成本（13）、住院（13）和健康相关的生活质量（7）。29 个指数考虑了心理健康的某些方面，其中大多数将其列为合并症。推荐使用12个指标。结论 35 种多发病指数可用，具有不同的组成部分和结果。研究人员和临床医生应在创建新指标之前检查现有指标的适用性。系统审查注册 PROSPERO CRD42017074211。