Supercapacitors have shown extraordinary promise for miniaturized electronics and electric vehicles, but are usually limited by electrodes with rather low volumetric performance, which is largely due to the inefficient utilization of pores in charge storage. Herein, we design a freestanding graphene laminate film electrode with highly efficient pore utilization for compact capacitive energy storage. The interlayer spacing of this film can be precisely adjusted, which enables a tunable porosity. By systematically tailoring the pore size for the electrolyte ions, pores are utilized optimally and thereby the volumetric capacitance is maximized. Consequently, the fabricated supercapacitor delivers a stack volumetric energy density of 88.1 Wh l⁻¹ in an ionic liquid electrolyte, representing a critical breakthrough for optimizing the porosity towards compact energy storage. Moreover, the optimized film electrode is assembled into an ionogel-based, all-solid-state, flexible smart device with multiple optional outputs and superior stability, demonstrating enormous potential as a portable power supply in practical applications.

超级电容器在小型化电子产品和电动汽车方面显示出非凡的前景，但通常受到体积性能相当低的电极的限制，这主要是由于电荷存储中的孔隙利用效率低下。在此，我们设计了一种具有高效孔隙利用率的独立式石墨烯层压薄膜电极，用于紧凑型电容储能。这种薄膜的层间距可以精确调整，从而实现可调的孔隙率。通过系统地调整电解质离子的孔径，可以优化利用孔隙，从而使体积电容最大化。因此，制造的超级电容器提供了 88.1 Wh l ^{-1的堆叠体积能量密度}在离子液体电解质中，代表了优化孔隙率以实现紧凑型储能的关键突破。此外，优化后的薄膜电极组装成基于离子凝胶的全固态柔性智能设备，具有多种可选输出和卓越的稳定性，在实际应用中显示出作为便携式电源的巨大潜力。