Despite remarkable progress in the past three decades, the aetiology of antisocial behaviour remains elusive. Using the developmental taxonomy theory of antisocial behaviour as a starting point, Christina Carlisi and colleagues have made an important contribution by identifying structural brain correlates of antisocial behaviour that could be used to differentiate among individuals with life-course-persistent antisocial behaviour, those with adolescence-limited antisocial behaviour, and non-antisocial controls. Specifically, the authors report a brain-wide reduction of cortical surface area in individuals with life-course-persistent antisocial behaviour relative to participants with adolescence-limited antisocial behaviour (standardised β=–0·17 [95% CI −0·26 to −0·07], p=0·0008) and controls (standardised β=–0·18 [95% CI −0·24 to −0·11], p<0·0001). Additionally, both life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behaviour were linked to different patterns of cortical thinning in a more restricted set of paralimbic regions relative to non-antisocial controls (life-course-persistent antisocial behaviour vs controls standardised β=–0·10 [95% CI −0·19 to −0·02], p=0·020; adolescence-limited antisocial behaviour vs controls standardised β=–0·08 [95% CI −0·16 to 0·00], p=0·039). These findings offer a considerable advance to the field and also provide an opportunity to reflect on unresolved issues concerning the use of neurobiological measures to capture and explain individual variability in antisocial behaviour. Although many challenges need to be overcome before the latter can be achieved, we restrict our focus to the issue of mapping brain structure onto function, and the application of the findings to the assessment of individuals with antisocial behaviour.

中文翻译：

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盯着反社会大脑的（表面）。

尽管在过去的三十年中取得了令人瞩目的进步，但反社会行为的病因学仍然难以捉摸。Christina Carlisi及其同事以反社会行为的发展分类学理论为出发点，通过确定反社会行为的结构性大脑相关性（可用于区分具有生命过程持久性反社会行为的个体和青春期个体）做出了重要贡献。有限的反社会行为和非反社会控制。具体来说，作者报告说，相对于青春期受限的反社交行为的参与者（具有标准化的β= –0·17 [95％CI -0·26 to -0·07]，p = 0·0008）和对照（标准β= -0·18 [95％CI -0·24至-0·11]，p < 0·0001）。此外，相对于非反间隔控制，生活过程的持久性和青春期受限的反社会行为都与更严格的上肢区域中皮质变薄的模式相关（生活过程的持久性反社会行为vs对照标准化的β= -0·10 [95％CI -0·19至-0·02]，p = 0·020；青春期限制的反社会行为与对照组的标准化β= -0·08 [95％CI -0·16至0·00]，p = 0·039）。这些发现为该领域提供了相当大的进步，也提供了一个机会来思考有关使用神经生物学措施来捕获和解释反社会行为中个体差异的未解决问题。尽管在实现后者之前需要克服许多挑战，但我们将注意力集中在将大脑结构映射到功能上，以及将研究结果应用于具有反社会行为的个人评估中。