Spontaneous diaphragm rupture is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, requiring urgent surgical intervention. Here we present two patients who developed spontaneous right hemi-diaphragm rupture with abdominal visceral herniation into the thoracic cavity several days following bilateral lung transplantation, as an unusual complication. Both patients surgery was performed through bilateral anterior thoracotomies and was uneventful. There may be an association with this complication and patients suffering with emphysema, typically receiving donor lungs smaller than their native lungs, and with significant pre-transplant exposure to steroids; factors which when combined may contribute to an increased risk of spontaneous diaphragmatic rupture in the absence of a significant precipitant. If a similar clinical picture is seen, teams managing lung transplant recipients should be aware of this potential complication and the need for urgent intervention recognised.

中文翻译：

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自发性膈肌破裂是肺移植后的并发症。

自发性隔膜破裂是一种罕见但可能危及生命的疾病，需要紧急手术干预。在这里，我们介绍了两名患者，他们在双侧肺移植后几天出现自发性右半隔膜破裂伴腹部内脏疝入胸腔，这是一种不常见的并发症。两名患者的手术均通过双侧前胸廓切开术进行，并且平安无事。这种并发症可能与患有肺气肿的患者有关，这些患者通常接受比其自身肺小的供体肺，并且移植前大量暴露于类固醇；在没有明显诱因的情况下，这些因素结合起来可能会增加自发性膈肌破裂的风险。如果看到类似的临床图片，