Calcium metal batteries are receiving growing research attention due to significant breakthroughs in recent years that have indicated reversible Ca plating/stripping with attractive Coulombic efficiencies (90–95 %), once thought to be out of reach. While the Ca anode is often described as being surface film‐controlled, the ability to access reversible Ca electrochemistry is highly electrolyte‐dependent in general, which affects both interfacial chemistry on plated Ca along with more fundamental Ca²⁺/Ca redox properties. This minireview describes recent progress towards a reversible Ca anode from the point of view of the most successful electrolyte chemistries identified to date. This includes, centrally, what is currently known about the Ca²⁺ solvation environment in these systems. Experimental (physico‐chemical and spectroscopy) and computational results are summarized for the two major solvent classes – carbonates and ethers – that have yielded promising results so far. Current knowledge gaps and opportunities to improve fundamental understanding of Ca²⁺/Ca redox are also identified.

中文翻译：

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目前对钙基电池非水电解质的认识

近年来，钙金属电池受到越来越多的研究关注，因为近年来取得的重大突破表明，可逆的钙沉积/剥离具有诱人的库仑效率（90-95%），而这曾经被认为是遥不可及的。虽然 Ca 阳极通常被描述为表面薄膜控制，但获得可逆 Ca 电化学的能力通常高度依赖于电解质，这会影响镀 Ca 上的界面化学以及更基本的 Ca ²⁺ /Ca 氧化还原特性。这篇小型评论从迄今为止确定的最成功的电解质化学的角度描述了可逆钙阳极的最新进展。^{这主要包括目前对这些系统中 Ca 2+}溶剂化环境的了解。总结了两种主要溶剂类别（碳酸盐和醚）的实验（物理化学和光谱）和计算结果，迄今为止已取得了有希望的结果。还确定了当前的知识差距和提高对 Ca ^{2+ /Ca 氧化还原的基本理解的机会。}