A large number of families worldwide suffer from the physical and mental burden posed by stroke. An increasing number of studies aimed at the prevention and treatment of stroke have been conducted. Specifically, manipulating the immune response to stroke is under intense investigation. Microglia are the principal immune cells in the brain and are the first line of defense against the pathophysiology induced by stroke. Increasing evidence has suggested that microglia play diverse roles that depend on dynamic interactions with neurons, astrocytes, and other neighboring cells both in the normal brain and under pathological conditions, including stroke. Moreover, there are dynamic alterations in microglial functions with respect to aging and sex differences in the human brain, which offer a deep understanding of the conditions of stroke patients of different ages and sex. Hence, we review the dynamic microglial reactions caused by aging, sex, and crosstalk with neighboring cells both in normal conditions and after stroke and relevant potential interventions.

中文翻译：

---

基于小胶质细胞的中风干预措施。

全球许多家庭都遭受中风带来的身心负担。已经进行了越来越多的旨在预防和治疗中风的研究。具体而言，操纵对中风的免疫反应正在深入研究中。小胶质细胞是大脑中的主要免疫细胞，是抵抗中风引起的病理生理的第一道防线。越来越多的证据表明，小胶质细胞扮演着多种角色，这取决于在正常大脑和病理条件下（包括中风）与神经元，星形胶质细胞和其他邻近细胞的动态相互作用。此外，小胶质细胞功能会随着人脑的衰老和性别差异而动态变化，可以深入了解不同年龄和性别的中风患者的状况。因此，我们回顾了在正常情况下，中风后以及与之相关的潜在干预措施下，由衰老，性别和与邻近细胞的串扰引起的动态小胶质细胞反应。