Abstract

Because of their low cost, natural abundance, environmental benignity, plentiful polymorphs, good chemical stability and excellent optical properties, TiO₂ materials are of great importance in the areas of physics, chemistry and material science. Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of TiO₂ nanomaterials for various applications. Among them, mesoporous TiO₂ materials, especially with hierarchically porous structures, show great potential owing to their extraordinarily high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore structures and morphologies, and nanoscale effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis and applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO₂ materials. In the first section, the general synthetic strategies for hierarchically mesoporous TiO₂ materials are reviewed. After that, we summarize the architectures of hierarchically mesoporous TiO₂ materials, including nanofibers, nanosheets, microparticles, films, spheres, core-shell and multi-level structures. At the same time, the corresponding mechanisms and the key factors for the controllable synthesis are highlighted. Following this, the applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO₂ materials in terms of energy storage and environmental protection, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic fuel generation, photoelectrochemical water splitting, catalyst support, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions of research and development in this area.

中文翻译：

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用于能源和环境应用的分级介孔 TiO2 材料合成的最新进展

摘要

TiO ₂材料由于成本低、天然丰富、环境友好、多晶型物、良好的化学稳定性和优异的光学性能，在物理、化学和材料科学领域具有重要意义。许多努力致力于合成用于各种应用的TiO ₂纳米材料。其中，介孔TiO ₂材料，尤其是具有分级多孔结构的材料，由于其极高的表面积、大孔体积、可调的孔结构和形态以及纳米级效应而显示出巨大的潜力。本综述旨在概述分层介孔 TiO ₂的合成和应用。材料。在第一部分中，回顾了分级介孔 TiO ₂材料的一般合成策略。之后，我们总结了分层介孔TiO ₂材料的结构，包括纳米纤维、纳米片、微粒、薄膜、球体、核壳和多级结构。同时强调了可控合成的相应机制和关键因素。在此之后，分层介孔 TiO ₂的应用讨论了储能和环保方面的材料，包括光催化降解污染物、光催化燃料产生、光电化学水分解、催化剂载体、锂离子电池和钠离子电池。最后，我们概述了该领域研究和开发的挑战和未来方向。