As much as nanotechnology hit the headlines decades ago, currently nanotoxicity has become more than a reality than a threat. Even as nanotechnology is proven, nanotoxicity is well accomplished too. This review specifically concentrates on the area that is close to the consumers, that is the effect of nanomaterials (NMs) on staple food crops. Nanoimpacts impacting primary producers of the food pyramid, cannot be overlooked. Crucial issues on this topic, that have not caught the attention nor action of those concerned has been highlighted in this review. The amount of data and research in this direction was found to be scanty and scattered. Strong emphasis has been made to the fact that NMs when exposed to plants are accumulated and passed on to the second generation seeds and plant parts. This is perhaps a critical concern, that will not just have consequences as of now, but will have permanent and long lasting impacts on the future progenies too. The lack of life cycle assessment of the NMs prior to releasing them to plant interactions and the eventual bioaccumulation and corroborative effects on the plant system if not evaluated, will have more serious implications. This review is aimed at creating a public awareness, that the possibility of nanomaterials entering the consumers and other trophic levels of the food chain is inevitable under the current circumstances. Mitigation methods and check points prior to releasing the NMs to plants systems and risk assessment of specific NMs to specific plants under specified environments is suggested to give a clear overview and insights to prevention rather than a delayed and expensive cure strategy.

中文翻译：

---

纳米毒对主粮作物的影响：不可预知的因素还有很大的余地。

几十年前，纳米技术成为头条新闻，目前，纳米毒性已不仅仅是现实，而是威胁。即使已经证明了纳米技术，纳米毒性也可以很好地实现。这篇评论专门集中在靠近消费者的领域，即纳米材料（NMs）对主粮作物的影响。影响食品金字塔主要生产者的纳米影响不容忽视。这次审查突出了有关这一主题的关键问题，这些问题没有引起有关方面的注意或采取行动。发现该方向的数据量和研究量很少且分散。强烈强调了NM在暴露于植物时会积累并传递给第二代种子和植物部位。这也许是一个关键问题，这不仅会带来后果，而且还将对未来的后代产生永久而持久的影响。在将NM释放到植物相互作用之前，缺乏对NM的生命周期评估，如果不进行评估，最终对植物系统的生物蓄积和确证作用将产生更严重的影响。此次审查旨在引起公众的认识，在当前情况下，不可避免地会出现纳米材料进入消费者和食物链其他营养级别的可能性。建议在指定环境下将NMs释放到植物系统之前的缓解方法和检查点，以及对特定NMs特定植物进行风险评估，以提供清晰的概述和见解，而不是延迟且昂贵的治愈策略。但也会对未来的后代产生永久而持久的影响。在将NM释放到植物相互作用之前，缺乏对NM的生命周期评估，如果不进行评估，最终对植物系统的生物蓄积和确证作用将产生更严重的影响。此次审查旨在引起公众的认识，在当前情况下，不可避免地会出现纳米材料进入消费者和食物链其他营养级别的可能性。建议在指定环境下将NMs释放到植物系统之前的缓解方法和检查点，以及对特定NMs特定植物进行风险评估，以提供清晰的概述和见解，而不是延迟且昂贵的治愈策略。但也会对未来的后代产生永久而持久的影响。在将NM释放到植物相互作用之前，缺乏对NM的生命周期评估，如果不进行评估，最终对植物系统的生物蓄积和确证作用将产生更严重的影响。此次审查旨在引起公众的认识，在当前情况下，不可避免地会出现纳米材料进入消费者和食物链其他营养级别的可能性。建议在指定环境下将NMs释放到植物系统之前的缓解方法和检查点，以及对特定NMs特定植物进行风险评估，以提供清晰的概述和见解，而不是延迟且昂贵的治愈策略。