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Patient gender bias on the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Thorax ( IF 10 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 , DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213968
Deborah Assayag 1 , Julie Morisset 2 , Kerri A Johannson 3 , Athol U Wells 4 , Simon L F Walsh 5
Affiliation  

Background Patient sex has clinical and prognostic implications in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It is not known if sex-related and gender-related discrepancies exist when establishing a diagnosis of IPF. The aim was to determine how patient gender influences the diagnosis of IPF and the physician’s diagnostic confidence. Methods This study was performed using clinical cases compiled from a single centre, then scored by respiratory physicians for a prior study. Using clinical information, physicians were asked to provide up to five diagnoses, together with their diagnostic confidence. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of receiving a diagnosis of IPF based on patient gender. Prognostic discrimination between IPF and non-IPF was used to assess diagnostic accuracy with Cox proportional hazards modelling. Results Sixty cases were scored by 404 physicians. IPF was diagnosed more frequently in men compared with women (37.8% vs 10.6%; p<0.0001), and with greater mean diagnostic confidence (p<0.001). The odds of a male patient receiving an IPF diagnosis was greater than that of female patients, after adjusting for confounders (OR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.81 to 3.31), especially if the scan was not definite for the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. Mortality was higher in women (HR=2.21, 95% CI: 2.02 to 2.41) than in men with an IPF diagnosis (HR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.33), suggesting that men were more often misclassified as having IPF. Conclusion Patient gender influences diagnosis of IPF: women may be underdiagnosed and men overdiagnosed with IPF.

中文翻译:

特发性肺纤维化诊断中的患者性别偏见

背景 患者性别对特发性肺纤维化 (IPF) 具有临床和预后影响。尚不清楚在确定 IPF 诊断时是否存在与性别相关和与性别相关的差异。目的是确定患者性别如何影响 IPF 的诊断和医生的诊断信心。方法 这项研究是使用从单一中心汇编的临床病例进行的,然后由呼吸科医生对先前的研究进行评分。使用临床信息,医生被要求提供最多五项诊断以及他们的诊断信心。Logistic 回归用于评估根据患者性别诊断为 IPF 的几率。IPF 和非 IPF 之间的预后区分用于通过 Cox 比例风险模型评估诊断准确性。结果404名医师对60例进行评分。与女性相比,男性更频繁地诊断出 IPF(37.8% 对 10.6%;p<0.0001),并且具有更高的平均诊断置信度(p<0.001)。在调整混杂因素后,男性患者接受 IPF 诊断的几率大于女性患者(OR=3.05,95% CI:2.81 至 3.31),尤其是当扫描不能确定通常的间质性肺炎模式时。女性的死亡率(HR=2.21,95% CI:2.02 至 2.41)高于诊断为 IPF 的男性(HR=1.26,95% CI:1.20 至 1.33),表明男性更常被误分类为 IPF。结论 患者性别影响 IPF 的诊断:IPF 女性可能诊断不足,男性诊断过度。p<0.0001),并且具有更高的平均诊断置信度(p<0.001)。在调整混杂因素后,男性患者接受 IPF 诊断的几率大于女性患者(OR=3.05,95% CI:2.81 至 3.31),尤其是当扫描不能确定通常的间质性肺炎模式时。女性的死亡率(HR=2.21,95% CI:2.02 至 2.41)高于诊断为 IPF 的男性(HR=1.26,95% CI:1.20 至 1.33),表明男性更常被误分类为 IPF。结论 患者性别影响 IPF 的诊断:IPF 女性可能诊断不足,男性诊断过度。p<0.0001),并且具有更高的平均诊断置信度(p<0.001)。在调整混杂因素后,男性患者接受 IPF 诊断的几率大于女性患者(OR=3.05,95% CI:2.81 至 3.31),尤其是当扫描不能确定通常的间质性肺炎模式时。女性的死亡率(HR=2.21,95% CI:2.02 至 2.41)高于诊断为 IPF 的男性(HR=1.26,95% CI:1.20 至 1.33),表明男性更常被误分类为 IPF。结论 患者性别影响 IPF 的诊断:IPF 女性可能诊断不足,男性诊断过度。特别是如果扫描不能确定通常的间质性肺炎模式。女性的死亡率(HR=2.21,95% CI:2.02 至 2.41)高于诊断为 IPF 的男性(HR=1.26,95% CI:1.20 至 1.33),表明男性更常被误分类为 IPF。结论 患者性别影响 IPF 的诊断:IPF 女性可能诊断不足,男性诊断过度。特别是如果扫描不能确定通常的间质性肺炎模式。女性的死亡率(HR=2.21,95% CI:2.02 至 2.41)高于诊断为 IPF 的男性(HR=1.26,95% CI:1.20 至 1.33),表明男性更常被误分类为 IPF。结论 患者性别影响 IPF 的诊断:IPF 女性可能诊断不足,男性诊断过度。
更新日期:2020-02-13
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