A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies was performed to provide a deeper understanding of the associations between foetal and childhood exposure to famine and the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, obesity, overweight, coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. Both foetal and childhood exposure to famine were positively associated with the risks of T2DM (foetal exposure: RR 1.37, 95% CI, 1.23‐1.52; childhood exposure: RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08‐1.64), metabolic syndrome (RR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.07‐1.50; RR 1.24, 95% CI, 1.13‐1.35), hypertension (RR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.07‐1.57; RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.02‐1.74), hyperglycaemia (RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.11‐1.45; RR 1.25, 95% CI, 1.10‐1.42), dyslipidaemia (RR 1.48, 95% CI, 1.33‐1.66; RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.12‐1.45), obesity (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.02‐1.39; RR 1.13, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.28), overweight (RR 1.17, 95% CI, 1.07‐1.29; RR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.14), coronary heart disease (RR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.51; RR 1.21, 95% CI, 1.09‐1.35), and moderate‐to‐severe NAFLD (RR 1.66, 95% CI, 1.07‐2.57; RR 1.68, 95% CI, 1.41‐1.99) in adulthood. No association was observed for the risks of stroke or mild NAFLD. Adjustments for age, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity nullified some associations. The associations were generally stronger in women than in men. In summary, foetal and childhood exposure to famine may confer greater risks of developing certain cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood, particularly in women. The extent to which risks for cardiometabolic conditions are associated with early‐life famine appears to be determined by certain factors in adulthood.

中文翻译：

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胎儿和儿童期饥荒的暴露以及成年后心脏代谢疾病的风险：观察性研究的系统评价和荟萃分析。

对观察性研究进行了系统的回顾和荟萃分析，以更深入地了解胎儿和儿童期的饥荒与2型糖尿病（T2DM），代谢综合征，高血压，高血糖，血脂异常，肥胖，成人超重，冠心病，中风和非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）。胎儿和儿童暴露于饥荒均与T2DM的风险呈正相关（胎儿暴露：RR 1.37，95％CI，1.23-1.52;儿童暴露：RR 1.33，95％CI，1.08-1.64），代谢综合征（RR 1.26） ，95％CI，1.07-1.50; RR 1.24，95％CI，1.13-1.35），高血压（RR 1.30，95％CI，1.07-1.57; RR 1.33，95％CI，1.02-1.74），高血糖症（RR 1.27） ，95％CI，1.11-1.45; RR 1.25，95％CI，1.10-1.42），血脂异常（RR 1.48，95％CI，1.33-1.66; RR 1.27，95％CI，1.12-1.45），肥胖（RR 1.19，95％CI，1.02-1.39; RR 1.13，95％CI，1.00-1.28），超重（RR 1.17，95％CI，1.07-1.29; RR 1.07、95％CI，1.00-1.14），冠心病（RR 1.22、95％CI，1.00-1.51; RR 1.21、95％CI，1.09-1.35）和中至重度NAFLD（RR 1.66，成年后95％CI，1.07-2.57; RR 1.68，95％CI，1.41-1.99）。没有观察到卒中或轻度NAFLD风险的相关性。对年龄，酒精，吸烟，体重指数和体育锻炼的调整使某些关联无效。女性的联想通常比男性强。总而言之，胎儿和儿童在饥荒中的暴露可能使成年期，特别是妇女，出现某些心脏代谢疾病的风险更大。