HIV infection can be effectively treated by lifelong administration of combination antiretroviral therapy, but an effective vaccine will likely be required to end the HIV epidemic. Although the majority of current vaccine strategies focus on the induction of neutralizing antibodies, there is substantial evidence that cellular immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells can sustain long-term disease-free and transmission-free HIV control and may be harnessed to induce both therapeutic and preventive antiviral effects. In this Review, we discuss the increasing evidence derived from individuals who spontaneously control infection without antiretroviral therapy as well as preclinical immunization studies that provide a clear rationale for renewed efforts to develop a CD8+ T cell-based HIV vaccine in conjunction with B cell vaccine efforts. Further, we outline the remaining challenges in translating these findings into viable HIV prevention, treatment and cure strategies.

中文翻译：

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HIV控制，治愈和预防中的CD8 + T细胞。

终生联合使用抗逆转录病毒疗法可以有效治疗HIV感染，但是可能需要有效的疫苗才能结束HIV流行。尽管当前的大多数疫苗策略都集中在中和抗体的诱导上，但是有充分的证据表明，CD8 + T细胞介导的细胞免疫可以维持长期的无病和无传播的HIV控制，并且可以用来诱导治疗性和免疫性。预防性抗病毒作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了越来越多的证据，这些证据来自无需抗逆转录病毒疗法即可自发控制感染的个体以及临床前免疫研究，这些研究为重新努力开发基于CD8 + T细胞的HIV疫苗与B细胞疫苗的努力提供了明确的理由。进一步，