Modern aviation safety increasingly depends on reliable GPS services, while signal degrading effects such as multipath and masking often occur during critical flight phases, such as takeoff and landing. In this regard, we propose multireceiver direct position estimation (MR-DPE), which operates a network of DPE receivers to enhance GPS accuracy under degraded signal conditions. A DPE receiver directly estimates navigation solutions in the position–velocity–time domain with a maximum-likelihood approach, bypassing the intermediate range measurements. Whereas prior works have shown the enhanced accuracy of DPE with weak signals, MR-DPE provides further improvement by leveraging the information redundancy and the geometric diversity provided by the network of receivers and antennas. We implemented MR-DPE using software-defined radio and tested it with simulated GPS signals to show improved GPS accuracy under degraded environments. We conducted comprehensive, full-scale flight experiments, a first for DPE-related works. A wide range of flight profiles was explored and analyzed, especially those prone to signal multipath and masking, thus validating the claimed benefits of MR-DPE in GPS accuracy.

中文翻译：

---

用于空中应用的 GPS 多接收器直接位置估计

现代航空安全越来越依赖于可靠的 GPS 服务，而多径和掩蔽等信号衰减效应经常发生在起飞和着陆等关键飞行阶段。在这方面，我们提出了多接收器直接位置估计 (MR-DPE)，它操作 DPE 接收器网络以在信号退化的情况下提高 GPS 精度。DPE 接收器使用最大似然方法直接估计位置-速度-时域中的导航解决方案，绕过中间距离测量。先前的工作表明，DPE 在弱信号时具有更高的准确性，而 MR-DPE 通过利用接收器和天线网络提供的信息冗余和几何分集，提供了进一步的改进。我们使用软件定义无线电实现了 MR-DPE，并使用模拟 GPS 信号对其进行了测试，以显示在退化环境下 GPS 精度的提高。我们进行了全面的、全尺寸的飞行实验，这是 DPE 相关工作的第一次。对广泛的飞行剖面进行了探索和分析，尤其是那些容易出现信号多径和掩蔽的飞行剖面，从而验证了 MR-DPE 在 GPS 精度方面的优势。