Nanomaterial contamination in the environment poses severe threats to public health and wellness. Understanding interactions between nanoparticles and biomembranes is pivotal to understanding the physiological effects of nanomaterials. The prevailing understanding is that a protein corona forms around nanoparticles upon their entering biological systems. The effect of the protein corona on the membrane–nanoparticle interaction has not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we report a systematic study to better understand the effects of the protein corona on nanoparticle–biomembrane interactions with both plasma membranes (293T cell line) and biomimetic membranes. Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) fabricated from organ lipid extracts (brain, heart, and liver) served as biomimetic models in our study. Reduced charged-nanoparticle adhesion to both plasma and biomimetic membranes with the presence of the protein corona suggests that the protein corona interferes with the electrostatic interaction between nanoparticles and biomembranes. These similar trends of nanoparticle adhesion among the membranes indicated that model membranes can capture this electrostatic interaction with similar responses as plasma membranes. However, the membrane integrity subsequent to the interaction was different between the two systems, indicating the limitations of model membranes in recreating the complexity and dynamics of plasma membranes. As the first systematic study correlating nanoparticle interactions with cell membranes, isolated cell membranes, and synthetic vesicles from natural lipid extracts, we demonstrated that biomimetic membranes can serve as excellent analogues to cell membranes in providing fundamental insights regarding the electrostatic interaction between nanoparticles and biomembranes.

中文翻译：

---

蛋白电晕对纳米粒子-质膜和纳米粒子-仿生膜相互作用的影响

环境中的纳米材料污染严重威胁公众健康。了解纳米颗粒与生物膜之间的相互作用对于理解纳米材料的生理效应至关重要。普遍的理解是，蛋白质进入纳米系统后会在纳米粒子周围形成电晕。还没有全面研究蛋白质电晕对膜-纳米粒子相互作用的影响。在这里，我们报告了一项系统研究，目的是更好地了解电晕蛋白对质膜（293T细胞系）和仿生膜的纳米颗粒-生物膜相互作用的影响。由器官脂质提取物（脑，心脏和肝脏）制成的巨大质膜囊泡（GPMV）和巨大单层囊泡（GUV）在我们的研究中用作仿生模型。蛋白质电晕的存在降低了带电纳米粒子对质膜和仿生膜的粘附力，这表明蛋白质电晕会干扰纳米粒子和生物膜之间的静电相互作用。膜之间纳米颗粒粘附的这些相似趋势表明，模型膜可以捕获这种静电相互作用，并具有与质膜相似的响应。但是，两个系统之间相互作用后的膜完整性不同，表明模型膜在重建质膜的复杂性和动力学方面的局限性。作为第一个将纳米颗粒与细胞膜，分离的细胞膜和天然脂质提取物的合成囊泡相互作用相关的系统研究，