Appropriate motor control is critical for normal life, and requires hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs). HONs are slowly regulated by nutrients, but also display rapid (subsecond) activity fluctuations in vivo. The necessity of these activity bursts for sensorimotor control and their roles in specific phases of movement are unknown. Here we show that temporally-restricted optosilencing of spontaneous or sensory-evoked HON bursts disrupts locomotion initiation, but does not affect ongoing locomotion. Conversely, HON optostimulation initiates locomotion with subsecond delays in a frequency-dependent manner. Using 2-photon volumetric imaging of activity of >300 HONs during sensory stimulation and self-initiated locomotion, we identify several locomotion-related HON subtypes, which distinctly predict the probability of imminent locomotion initiation, display distinct sensory responses, and are differentially modulated by food deprivation. By causally linking HON bursts to locomotion initiation, these findings reveal the sensorimotor importance of rapid spontaneous and evoked fluctuations in HON ensemble activity.

中文翻译：

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自发和感觉食欲素网络动力学在快速运动启动中的作用。

适当的运动控制对于正常生活至关重要，并且需要下丘脑下丘脑分泌素/食欲素神经元（HON）。HON 受到营养物质的缓慢调节，但在体内也表现出快速（亚秒）的活性波动。这些活动爆发对于感觉运动控制的必要性及其在运动特定阶段的作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们表明，自发或感觉诱发的 HON 爆发的时间限制性光沉默会扰乱运动启动，但不会影响正在进行的运动。相反，HON 光刺激以频率依赖的方式启动亚秒延迟的运动。通过对感觉刺激和自发运动期间 >300 个 HON 的活动进行 2 光子体积成像，我们识别了几种与运动相关的 HON 亚型，这些亚型可以清楚地预测即将开始运动的概率，显示出不同的感觉反应，并受到以下因素的差异调节：食物匮乏。通过将 HON 爆发与运动启动因果联系起来，这些发现揭示了 HON 整体活动中快速自发和诱发波动的感觉运动重要性。