Within the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience, there is an increasing interest in studying individual differences in human brain development in order to predict mental health outcomes. So far, however, most longitudinal neuroimaging studies focus on group-level estimates. In this review, we highlight longitudinal neuroimaging studies that have moved beyond group-level estimates to illustrate the heterogeneity in patterns of brain development. We provide practical methodological recommendations on how longitudinal neuroimaging datasets can be used to understand heterogeneity in human brain development. Finally, we address how taking an individual-differences approach in developmental neuroimaging studies could advance our understanding of why some individuals develop mental health disorders.

中文翻译：

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模拟大脑发育中的个体差异

在发育认知神经科学领域，人们对研究人类大脑发育的个体差异以预测心理健康结果的兴趣日益浓厚。然而，到目前为止，大多数纵向神经影像学研究都集中在群体水平的估计上。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了超越群体水平估计的纵向神经影像学研究，以说明大脑发育模式的异质性。我们就如何使用纵向神经影像数据集来理解人类大脑发育的异质性提供实用的方法学建议。最后，我们讨论了在发育神经影像学研究中采用个体差异方法如何促进我们对为什么有些人会患上精神健康障碍的理解。