Abstract Extensive opencast lignite mining in the Ptolemais Basin, NW Greece has exposed a plethora of outcrops within a normal fault system offsetting a sequence of interbedded lignites and marls of Pliocene age. The entire length of a 630 m long fault over a vertical interval of 80 m has been mapped in detail from 48 mine faces. The mapped fault comprises 5 fault segments large enough to be mapped in 3D, smaller fault segments exposed on individual mine faces and associated continuous deformation in the form of bed rotations and normal drag. These fault components combined to provide a regular aggregate throw distribution over the mapped fault. The boundaries between adjacent fault segments have a variety of geometries and they may be fully unconnected or they may link along strike or down dip within the fault zone. The fault geometry and throw distribution is analysed using two approaches, a discrete mapping of the large fault segments and a continuous approach based on measures of fault thickness and throw partitioning at individual outcrops. This combination of approaches demonstrates that fault thickness and the proportion of fault throw on the individual fault segments observed on any cross-section through the fault are related almost entirely to fault segmentation in 3D.

中文翻译：

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来自多个露头观测的正断层的 3D 结构

摘要 希腊西北部托勒迈斯盆地的大规模露天褐煤开采暴露了正断层系统内的大量露头，抵消了上新世时代的一系列互层褐煤和泥灰岩。已从 48 个矿面详细绘制了一条 630 m 长断层在 80 m 垂直间隔上的整个长度。绘制的断层包括 5 个大到足以进行 3D 绘制的断层段、暴露在各个矿面上的较小断层段以及以地层旋转和法向阻力形式出现的相关连续变形。这些故障组件组合在一起以在映射故障上提供规则的聚合抛出分布。相邻断层段之间的边界具有多种几何形状，它们可能完全不相连，也可能沿断层带内的走向或下倾相连。使用两种方法分析断层几何形状和断层分布，大断层段的离散映射和基于断层厚度和单个露头断层分布的测量的连续方法。这种方法的组合表明，在通过断层的任何横截面上观察到的各个断层段上的断层厚度和断层范围几乎完全与 3D 中的断层分割有关。