The sintering densification trajectory for titanium powder is identified in terms of the interaction between mass transport processes and microstructure evolution. During initial heating, as surface oxides dissolve, surface diffusion forms bonds between contacting particles without densification. Grain boundaries form in the bonds due to random crystal orientations at the contacts. Except for mixed powder Kirkendall swelling, subsequent diffusion in these interparticle grain boundaries leads to densification. Most importantly, the alpha-beta transformation provides strain, defects, and interfaces that accelerate densification in the 800–1100 °C temperature range. This is below a typical peak sintering temperature. Final densification involves beta phase volume diffusion and grain boundary diffusion. Densification slows due to grain growth and the loss of grain boundary area. Pores close near 92% density to trap impurities and reaction products inside the closed pores, often limiting sintered density to about 95% of theoretical. High final density requires slow heating or long holds at intermediate temperatures to evaporate impurities prior to pore closure. The master sintering curve is a means to link densification to process parameters without concern over detailing this cascade of transport mechanisms and microstructure changes.

钛粉末的烧结致密化轨迹是根据传质过程与微观结构演变之间的相互作用来确定的。在初始加热期间，由于表面氧化物溶解，表面扩散会在接触的颗粒之间形成键，而不会致密化。由于接触处的随机晶体取向，在键中形成晶界。除了混合粉末柯肯达尔膨胀以外，随后在这些颗粒间晶界中的扩散会导致致密化。最重要的是，α-β转变提供了应变，缺陷和界面，可在800-1100°C的温度范围内加速致密化。这低于典型的峰值烧结温度。最终致密化涉及β相体积扩散和晶界扩散。由于晶粒的生长和晶界面积的损失，致密化变慢。孔的密度接近92％，以将杂质和反应产物捕获在封闭的孔中，通常将烧结密度限制在理论值的95％左右。高最终密度要求缓慢加热或在中间温度下长时间保持，以在孔封闭之前蒸发杂质。主烧结曲线是一种将致密化与工艺参数联系起来的方法，而不必担心详细说明这种级联的传输机理和微观结构变化。