The run-up catalogs of two global tsunami databases maintained by the NCEI/WDC NOAA and NTL/ICMMG SD RAS are examined to compile the list of annual maximum runups observed or measured in the oceanic, marine and inland basins during the last 120 years (from 1900 to 2019). All the retrieved annual maximum runups were divided into four groups according to four main types of tsunami sources (seismogenic, landslide-generated, volcanic, and meteorological). Their distribution over the type of sources shows that of the 120 maximum runups only 78 (65%) resulted from seismogenic sources, while the remaining 42 runups were divided between landslide-generated (19%), volcanic (8%), and meteorological (7.5%) sources. The analysis of geographical distribution of source locations demonstrates that tsunamis are not exclusively a marine hazard—over 15% of all maximum runups were observed in coastal and inland water basins (narrow bays, fiords, lakes, and rivers). Temporal distribution of the collected runups shows that annual occurrence of large tsunamis was more or less stable throughout the twentieth century and only demonstrates some increase during the last 27 years (since 1992) when the practice of post-event surveys of all damaging tsunamis was implemented. This paper also outlines the existing problems with data compilation, cataloguing, and distribution, and discusses incompleteness of runup and wave-form data for a considerable number of non-damaging tsunamis, even those resulting from the strong (magnitude higher than 7.5) submarine earthquakes.

中文翻译：

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过去 120 年（1900-2019 年）全球发生的大型海啸和类似海啸的波

检查由 NCEI/WDC NOAA 和 NTL/ICMMG SD RAS 维护的两个全球海啸数据库的上升目录，以编制过去 120 年在海洋、海洋和内陆盆地观测或测量的年度最大上升列表（从 1900 年到 2019 年）。根据海啸源的四种主要类型（地震、滑坡、火山和气象），将所有检索到的年度最大爬升分为四组。它们在源类型上的分布表明，在 120 个最大爬升中，只有 78 个（65%）是由地震源引起的，而其余 42 个爬升则分为滑坡（19%）、火山（8%）和气象（ 7.5%) 来源。源位置的地理分布分析表明，海啸不仅是一种海洋灾害——超过 15% 的最大浪涌发生在沿海和内陆水域流域（狭窄的海湾、峡湾、湖泊和河流）。收集到的上升的时间分布表明，在整个 20 世纪，每年发生的大型海啸或多或少是稳定的，并且仅在过去 27 年（自 1992 年以来）实施了所有破坏性海啸的事后调查实践后才有所增加. 本文还概述了数据编制、编目和分发方面存在的问题，并讨论了相当数量的非破坏性海啸，甚至是由强（7.5级以上）海底地震引起的海啸的爬升和波形数据的不完整性。 .