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Barriers and opportunities for breast cancer organizations to focus on environmental health and disease prevention: a mixed-methods approach using website analyses, interviews, and focus groups.
Environmental Health ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-10 , DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-0570-7
Jennifer Liss Ohayon 1 , Eric Nost 2 , Kami Silk 3 , Michele Rakoff 4 , Julia Green Brody 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and most cases are not due to high risk inherited genes. In response, breast cancer activists successfully advocated for innovative research on environmental chemical exposures as a possible cause. Since then, new evidence supports hypotheses that common industrial and consumer chemicals are linked to the disease, and expert panels recommend reducing exposures. We evaluated whether these research results and recommendations are translated back into the work of breast cancer organizations and what barriers and opportunities influence their ability to focus on environmental factors. METHODS We used a Python script to evaluate the frequency of environmental terms on the websites of 81 breast cancer organizations (> 14,000 associated URLs) and conducted two focus groups and 20 interviews with leaders of breast cancer organizations. We also analyzed the frequency of terms on two trusted, national cancer websites. RESULTS 40% of organizations include information on environmental chemicals on their websites, but references are infrequent and rarely cite specific chemicals of concern. Most organizations (82%) discuss other risk factors such as exercise, diet, family history, or genetics. From interviews and focus groups, we identified four types of barriers to addressing environmental chemicals: 1) time and resource constraints, 2) limited knowledge of the state of the research and lack of access to experts, 3) difficulties with messaging, including concern that cultural and economic factors make it difficult for individuals to reduce their exposures, and 4) institutional obstacles, such as the downplaying of environmental risks by industry interests. Participants expressed the desire for easy-to-adopt educational programs and increased federal funding for scientist-advocate research partnerships. CONCLUSION Our research underscores the need for environmental breast cancer experts and trusted cancer organizations to increase research translation activities so that breast cancer organizations can communicate new science on environmental factors in their online and in-person work. Moreover, our research highlights how most groups are focusing on providing resources to diagnosed women, including addressing problems with healthcare access, which displaces their ability to work on breast cancer prevention.

中文翻译:

乳腺癌组织关注环境健康和疾病预防的障碍和机会:使用网站分析,访谈和焦点小组的混合方法。

背景技术乳腺癌是全世界女性中最常被诊断的癌症,并且大多数情况不是由于高风险的遗传基因。作为回应,乳腺癌活动家成功地倡导了有关可能导致环境化学暴露的创新研究。从那时起,新证据支持了常见的工业和消费化学品与该疾病有关的假说,专家小组建议减少暴露。我们评估了这些研究结果和建议是否被转化回乳腺癌组织的工作中,以及哪些障碍和机遇会影响其关注环境因素的能力。方法我们使用Python脚本评估了81个乳腺癌组织(> 14,000个相关网址),并进行了两个焦点小组的访问,并对乳腺癌组织的负责人进行了20次访谈。我们还分析了两个值得信赖的国家癌症网站上的术语频率。结果40%的组织在其网站上包含有关环境化学品的信息,但是引用很少,并且很少引用关注的特定化学品。大多数组织(82%)讨论了其他风险因素,例如运动,饮食,家族病史或遗传学。从访谈和焦点小组中,我们确定了解决环境化学品的四种障碍:1)时间和资源限制; 2)对研究状态的了解有限以及缺乏专家联系; 3)与消息传递有关的困难,包括对以下方面的关注:文化和经济因素使个人很难减少接触,4)制度性障碍,例如行业利益对环境风险的低估。与会者表达了对易于采用的教育计划的渴望,并希望增加联邦政府对科学家与倡导者研究合作伙伴关系的资助。结论我们的研究强调需要环境乳腺癌专家和值得信赖的癌症组织增加研究翻译活动,以便乳腺癌组织可以在其在线和现场工作中交流有关环境因素的新科学。此外,我们的研究突出了大多数团体如何集中精力为被诊断的妇女提供资源,包括解决医疗保健问题,从而取代了她们从事预防乳腺癌工作的能力。与会者表达了对易于采用的教育计划的渴望,并希望增加联邦政府对科学家与倡导者研究合作伙伴关系的资助。结论我们的研究强调需要环境乳腺癌专家和值得信赖的癌症组织增加研究翻译活动,以便乳腺癌组织可以在其在线和现场工作中交流有关环境因素的新科学。此外,我们的研究突出了大多数团体如何集中精力为被诊断的妇女提供资源,包括解决医疗保健问题,从而取代了她们从事预防乳腺癌工作的能力。与会者表达了对易于采用的教育计划的渴望,并希望增加联邦政府对科学家与倡导者研究伙伴关系的资助。结论我们的研究强调需要环境乳腺癌专家和值得信赖的癌症组织增加研究翻译活动,以便乳腺癌组织可以在其在线和现场工作中交流有关环境因素的新科学。此外,我们的研究突出了大多数团体如何集中精力为被诊断的妇女提供资源,包括解决医疗保健问题,从而取代了她们从事预防乳腺癌工作的能力。结论我们的研究强调需要环境乳腺癌专家和值得信赖的癌症组织增加研究翻译活动,以便乳腺癌组织可以在其在线和现场工作中交流有关环境因素的新科学。此外,我们的研究突出了大多数团体如何集中精力为被诊断的妇女提供资源,包括解决医疗保健问题,从而取代了她们在预防乳腺癌方面的工作能力。结论我们的研究强调需要环境乳腺癌专家和值得信赖的癌症组织增加研究翻译活动,以便乳腺癌组织可以在在线和面对面的工作中交流有关环境因素的新科学。此外,我们的研究突出了大多数团体如何集中精力为被诊断的妇女提供资源,包括解决医疗保健问题,从而取代了她们从事预防乳腺癌工作的能力。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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