A hierarchically assembled superomniphobic membrane with three levels of reentrant structure was designed and fabricated to enable effective treatment of low surface tension, hypersaline oily wastewaters using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The overall structure is a combination of macro corrugations obtained by surface imprinting, with the micro spherulites morphology achieved through the applied phase inversion method and nano patterns obtained by fluorinated Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) coating. This resulted in a superomniphobic membrane surface with remarkable anti-wetting properties repelling both high surface tension water and low surface tension oils. Measurements of contact angle (CA) with DI water, an anionic surfactant, oil, and ethanol demonstrated a robust wetting resistance against low surface tension liquids showing both superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity. CA values of 160.8 ± 2.3° and 154.3 ± 1.9° for water and oil were obtained, respectively. Calculations revealed a high liquid-vapor interface for the fabricated membrane with more than 89% of the water droplet contact area being with air pockets entrapped between adjacent SiNPs and only 11% come into contact with the solid membrane surface. Moreover, the high liquid-vapor interface imparts the membrane with high liquid repellency, self-cleaning and slippery effects, characterized by a minimum droplet-membrane interaction and complete water droplet bouncing on the surface within only 18 ms. When tested in DCMD with synthetic hypersaline oily wastewaters, the fabricated superomniphobic membrane demonstrated stable, non-wetting MD operation over 24 h, even at high concentrations of low surface tension 1.0 mM Sodium dodecyl sulfate and 400 ppm oil, potentially offering a sustainable option for treatment of low surface tension oily industrial wastewater.

中文翻译：

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宏观波纹和纳米图案的分层结构超疏水膜，用于通过膜蒸馏处理低表面张力含油废水。

设计并制造了具有三级折返结构的分级组装的超疏水膜，可使用直接接触膜蒸馏（DCMD）有效处理低表面张力，高盐度含油废水。整体结构是通过表面压印获得的大皱纹与通过应用相转化方法获得的微球形态和通过氟化二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiNPs）涂层获得的纳米图案的组合。这导致具有憎水性能的超憎水膜表面具有高表面张力水和低表面张力油的特性。与去离子水，阴离子表面活性剂，油的接触角（CA）的测量 乙醇和乙醇对低表面张力液体表现出强大的抗湿性，表现出超疏水性和超疏油性。水和油的CA值分别为160.8±2.3°和154.3±1.9°。计算表明，所制造的膜的液-气界面较高，水滴接触面积的89％以上是在相邻SiNP之间夹带的气穴，只有11％的膜与固体膜表面接触。此外，高的液-气界面使膜具有高的拒液性，自清洁性和滑爽性，其特征是最小的液滴-膜相互作用以及仅在18毫秒内在表面上完全反弹的水滴。在DCMD中对合成的高盐含油废水进行测试时，