Cannabis use induces a plethora of actions on the CNS via its active chemical ingredients, the so-called phytocannabinoids. These compounds have been frequently associated with the intoxicating properties of cannabis preparations. However, not all phytocannabinoids are psychotropic, and, irrespective of whether they are psychotropic or not, they have also shown numerous therapeutic properties. These properties are mostly associated with their ability to modulate the activity of an intercellular communication system, the so-called endocannabinoid system, which is highly active in the CNS and has been found altered in many neurological disorders. Specifically, this includes the neuropsychopharmacology field, with diseases such as schizophrenia and related psychoses, anxiety-related disorders, mood disorders, addiction, sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa and other feeding-related disorders, dementia, epileptic syndromes, as well as autism, fragile X syndrome and other neurodevelopment-related disorders. Here, we gather, from a pharmacological and biochemical standpoint, the recent advances in the study of the therapeutic relevance of the endocannabinoid system in the CNS, with especial emphasis on the neuropsychopharmacology field. We also illustrate the efforts that are currently being made to investigate at the clinical level the potential therapeutic benefits derived from elevating or inhibiting endocannabinoid signaling in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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大麻在神经精神药理学领域的可能治疗应用

大麻的使用通过其活性化学成分，即所谓的植物大麻素，对中枢神经系统产生大量作用。这些化合物经常与大麻制剂的令人陶醉的特性有关。然而，并非所有植物大麻素都具有精神作用，并且无论它们是否具有精神作用，它们也显示出许多治疗特性。这些特性主要与它们调节细胞间通讯系统（即所谓的内源性大麻素系统）活动的能力有关，内源性大麻素系统在中枢神经系统中非常活跃，并已发现在许多神经系统疾病中发生了改变。具体来说，这包括神经精神药理学领域，涉及精神分裂症和相关精神病、焦虑相关障碍、情绪障碍、成瘾、睡眠障碍等疾病，创伤后应激障碍、神经性厌食症和其他与喂养相关的疾病、痴呆、癫痫综合征以及自闭症、脆性 X 综合征和其他神经发育相关疾病。在这里，我们从药理学和生化的角度收集了中枢神经系统中内源性大麻素系统治疗相关性研究的最新进展，特别强调了神经精神药理学领域。我们还说明了目前正在努力在临床水平上研究神经精神疾病动物模型中提高或抑制内源性大麻素信号传导所带来的潜在治疗益处。脆性 X 综合征和其他神经发育相关疾病。在这里，我们从药理学和生化的角度收集了中枢神经系统中内源性大麻素系统治疗相关性研究的最新进展，特别强调了神经精神药理学领域。我们还说明了目前正在努力在临床水平上研究神经精神疾病动物模型中提高或抑制内源性大麻素信号传导所带来的潜在治疗益处。脆性 X 综合征和其他神经发育相关疾病。在这里，我们从药理学和生化的角度收集了中枢神经系统中内源性大麻素系统治疗相关性研究的最新进展，特别强调了神经精神药理学领域。我们还说明了目前正在努力在临床水平上研究神经精神疾病动物模型中提高或抑制内源性大麻素信号传导所带来的潜在治疗益处。