About a decade ago, a study documented that conservatives have stronger physiological responses to threatening stimuli than liberals. This work launched an approach aimed at uncovering the biological roots of ideology. Despite wide-ranging scientific and popular impact, independent laboratories have not replicated the study. We conducted a pre-registered direct replication (n = 202) and conceptual replications in the United States (n = 352) and the Netherlands (n = 81). Our analyses do not support the conclusions of the original study, nor do we find evidence for broader claims regarding the effect of disgust and the existence of a physiological trait. Rather than studying unconscious responses as the real predispositions, alignment between conscious and unconscious responses promises deeper insights into the emotional roots of ideology.

中文翻译：

---

保守派和自由派对威胁有相似的生理反应。

大约十年前，一项研究表明，保守派对威胁性刺激的生理反应比自由派更强。这项工作推出了一种旨在揭示意识形态的生物学根源的方法。尽管产生了广泛的科学和公众影响，但独立实验室尚未复制这项研究。我们在美国（n = 352）和荷兰（n = 81）进行了预先注册的直接复制（n = 202）和概念复制。我们的分析不支持原始研究的结论，也没有找到关于厌恶的影响和生理特征的存在的更广泛主张的证据。有意识和无意识反应之间的一致性不是将无意识反应视为真正的倾向来研究，而是有助于更深入地了解意识形态的情感根源。