The rational design of an efficient and robust catalyst based on non-noble metals for the upgrading of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone in aqueous media still remains a significant challenge. Herein, a facile and effective approach is developed for synthesizing a Co embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon matrix by a coordination precipitation and pyrolysis combination strategy. The as-prepared Co@NC-800 (after 800 °C pyrolysis) exhibits excellent catalytic performance, namely, the yield of γ-valerolactone is not less than 99%, and the high activity could be maintained even after 10 cycles. The results of systematic characterization and control experiments confirmed that the catalytic performance of the catalyst benefited from the construction strategy in two ways: certain proportions of Co, Co–Nx and Co–Ox components are generated on the catalyst, and also a structure in which Co is confined into a N-doped carbon matrix is formed. The first aspect apparently enhances the activity of the catalyst due to the synergistic effect of Co, Co–Nx and Co–Ox, while the second aspect greatly inhibits the metal components from leaching and agglomeration in the reaction process, thus promising excellent stability of the catalyst. The strategy developed here may open up a new avenue toward the development of low-cost high-performance biomass conversion catalysts.

中文翻译：

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嵌入N掺杂的碳杂化物中的原位生成的Co作为鲁棒的催化剂，用于水相中乙酰丙酸的提质

合理设计基于非贵金属的高效鲁棒催化剂，以将乙酰丙酸在水性介质中升级为γ-戊内酯仍然是一项重大挑战。在此，通过协调沉淀和热解组合策略，开发了一种简便有效的方法来合成嵌入氮掺杂碳基质中的Co。所制备的Co @ NC-800（在800℃热解后）表现出优异的催化性能，即，γ-戊内酯的收率不低于99％，甚至在10个循环后仍可保持高活性。系统表征和控制实验的结果证实，该催化剂的催化性能得益于该构造策略，主要有两种方式：在催化剂上产生一定比例的Co，Co-Nx和Co-Ox组分，并且还形成了将Co限制在N掺杂的碳基体中的结构。第一个方面显然是由于Co，Co-Nx和Co-Ox的协同作用而提高了催化剂的活性，而第二个方面则大大抑制了金属组分在反应过程中的浸出和结块，从而保证了催化剂的出色稳定性。催化剂。此处制定的策略可能为开发低成本高性能生物质转化催化剂开辟新途径。因此有希望催化剂具有优异的稳定性。此处制定的策略可能为开发低成本高性能生物质转化催化剂开辟新途径。因此有希望催化剂具有优异的稳定性。此处制定的策略可能为开发低成本高性能生物质转化催化剂开辟新途径。