The fetal immune system develops in a rather sterile environment relative to the outside world and, therefore, lacks antigenic education. Soon after birth, the newborn is exposed to the hostile environment of pathogens. Recently, animal- and limited human-based studies have indicated that help from the mother, upon transfer of leukocytes and their products via breast milk feeding, greatly assists the newborn's immune system. Here, I discuss the newest advances on how milk leukocytes impact early life immunity, with an emphasis on the development of the infant T cell repertoire and early immune responses in the periphery and gut-associated lymphoid tissue. A deeper understanding of these novel mechanistic insights may inform potential translational approaches to improving immunity in infants.

中文翻译：

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母乳喂养期间的母体白细胞和婴儿免疫程序。

相对于外界，胎儿免疫系统在相当无菌的环境中发育，因此缺乏抗原性教育。出生后不久，新生儿就暴露于病原体的不利环境中。最近，基于动物和有限的基于人类的研究表明，母亲通过母乳喂养转移白细胞及其产物后，母亲的帮助极大地有助于新生儿的免疫系统。在这里，我讨论了乳白细胞如何影响早期生命免疫的最新进展，重点是婴儿T细胞库的发展以及外周和肠道相关淋巴组织的早期免疫反应。对这些新颖的机械学见解的更深入理解可能会为改善婴儿免疫力提供潜在的翻译方法。