Obesity, a chronic inflammatory disease, is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying inflammation in obesity are incompletely understood. Recent developments have challenged the dogma of immunological memory occurring exclusively in the adaptive immune system and show that the innate immune system has potential to be reprogrammed. This innate immune memory (trained immunity) is characterized by epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of myeloid cells following endogenous or exogenous stimulation, resulting in enhanced inflammation to subsequent stimuli. Trained immunity phenotypes have now been reported for other immune and non-immune cells. Here, we provide a novel perspective on the putative role of trained immunity in mediating the adverse cardiovascular effects of obesity and highlight potential translational pathways.

中文翻译：

---

训练有素的免疫力：将整个生命过程中的肥胖和心血管疾病联系起来？

肥胖是一种慢性炎症性疾病，是心血管疾病最普遍的可改变危险因素。肥胖症炎症的潜在机制尚不完全清楚。最近的发展挑战了仅发生在适应性免疫系统中的免疫记忆教条，并表明先天免疫系统具有重新编程的潜力。这种先天免疫记忆（训练免疫）的特点是内源性或外源性刺激后骨髓细胞的表观遗传和代谢重编程，导致对后续刺激的炎症增强。现在已经报道了其他免疫和非免疫细胞的训练免疫表型。这里，